Factors Affecting Breeding Success of White Terns (Gygis alba; Aves: Laridae) in Urban Environments of Honolulu, Hawai‘i

IF 0.7 4区 生物学 Q4 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
Pacific Science Pub Date : 2022-03-02 DOI:10.2984/76.1.3
E. VanderWerf, R. Downs
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Abstract: The White Tern (Gygis alba) is a common seabird that nests on islands in tropical and subtropical oceans. In the southeastern Hawaiian Islands, White Terns breed only in urban and suburban areas of Honolulu. The Honolulu population has grown from a single pair in 1961 to 2,300 birds in 2016. We measured breeding success of White Terns in Honolulu and examined aspects of their breeding biology and the environment that may affect breeding. We documented 3,855 breeding events in Honolulu from 2016 to 2019. Breeding success was 68.3% and varied less than 3% among years. Breeding occurred in all months, with lowest activity in the summer and a peak in the winter and spring, but the pattern varied among years. White Terns bred in 64 tree species. Breeding success varied among tree species and was related to characteristics of the trees and their attractiveness to non-native predators. The height of breeding events was 9.26 ± 0.05 m and success was related to height, with higher success in events 5–10 m above ground. The diameter of branches on which breeding occurred was 10.2 ± 0.1 cm and success was related to branch diameter, with lower success on branches >20 cm. The high breeding success of White Terns in Honolulu is related to: the small size and isolation of the O‘ahu population, which may result in reduced intra-specific competition for food; protection from predators provided by the urban environment; and trimming of trees by arborists, which unintentionally improves the value of trees as breeding sites for terns.
影响白燕鸥繁殖成功的因素夏威夷火奴鲁鲁城市环境中的鸟类:Laridae)
摘要:白燕鸥(Gygis alba)是一种常见的海鸟,栖息在热带和亚热带海洋的岛屿上。在夏威夷群岛东南部,白燕鸥只在檀香山的城市和郊区繁殖。火奴鲁鲁的鸟类数量已从1961年的一对增加到2016年的2300只。我们测量了火奴鲁鲁白燕鸥的繁殖成功率,并研究了它们的繁殖生物学和可能影响繁殖的环境。我们记录了2016年至2019年在檀香山发生的3855起繁殖事件。育种成功率为68.3%,各年差异小于3%。繁殖发生在所有月份,夏季活动最低,冬季和春季活动高峰,但不同年份的模式不同。繁殖于64个树种的白燕鸥。不同树种的繁殖成功率各不相同,和树木的特性及其对非本土捕食者的吸引力有关。繁殖项目的高度为9.26±0.05米,成功率与身高有关,在地面以上5-10米的项目中成功率更高。火奴鲁鲁白燕鸥繁殖成功率高与以下因素有关:奥胡种群规模小且孤立,这可能导致物种内对食物的竞争减少;城市环境提供的捕食者保护;树艺师修剪树木,无意中提高了树木作为燕鸥繁殖地的价值。
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来源期刊
Pacific Science
Pacific Science 生物-动物学
CiteScore
1.40
自引率
14.30%
发文量
17
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Pacific Science: A Quarterly Devoted to the Biological and Physical Sciences of the Pacific Region The official journal of the Pacific Science Association. Appearing quarterly since 1947, Pacific Science is an international, multidisciplinary journal reporting research on the biological and physical sciences of the Pacific basin. It focuses on biogeography, ecology, evolution, geology and volcanology, oceanography, paleontology, and systematics. In addition to publishing original research, the journal features review articles providing a synthesis of current knowledge.
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