Effects of Seasonal Ice Coverage on the Physical Oceanographic Conditions of the Kitikmeot Sea in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

IF 1.6 4区 地球科学 Q4 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
Chengzhu Xu, Wahad Mikhael, P. Myers, B. Else, R. Sims, Qi Zhou
{"title":"Effects of Seasonal Ice Coverage on the Physical Oceanographic Conditions of the Kitikmeot Sea in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago","authors":"Chengzhu Xu, Wahad Mikhael, P. Myers, B. Else, R. Sims, Qi Zhou","doi":"10.1080/07055900.2021.1965531","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Kitikmeot Sea is a semi-enclosed, east–west waterway in the southern Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA). In the present work, the ice conditions, stratification, and circulation of the Kitikmeot Sea are diagnosed using numerical simulations with a 1/12° resolution. The physical oceanographic conditions of the Kitikmeot Sea are different from channels in the northern CAA due to the existence of a substantial ice-free period each year. The consequences of such ice conditions are twofold. First, through fluctuations of external forcings, such as solar radiation and wind stress, acting directly or indirectly on the sea surface, the seasonal ice coverage leads to significant seasonal variations in both stratification and circulation. Our simulation results suggest that such variations include freshening and deepening of the surface layer, in which salinity can reach as low as 15 during the peak runoff season, and significantly stronger along-shore currents driven directly by the wind stress during the ice-free season. The second consequence is that the sea ice is not landfast but can move freely during the melting season. By analyzing the relative importance of thermodynamic (freezing and/or melting) and dynamic (ice movement) processes to the ice dynamics, our simulation results suggest that there is a net inflow of sea ice into the Kitikmeot Sea, which melts locally each summer. The movement of sea ice thus provides a significant freshwater pathway, which contributes approximately 14 km3 yr−1 of fresh water to the Kitikmeot Sea, on average, equivalent to a third of freshwater input from runoff from the land.","PeriodicalId":55434,"journal":{"name":"Atmosphere-Ocean","volume":"59 1","pages":"214 - 232"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6000,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"2","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Atmosphere-Ocean","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07055900.2021.1965531","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2

Abstract

ABSTRACT The Kitikmeot Sea is a semi-enclosed, east–west waterway in the southern Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA). In the present work, the ice conditions, stratification, and circulation of the Kitikmeot Sea are diagnosed using numerical simulations with a 1/12° resolution. The physical oceanographic conditions of the Kitikmeot Sea are different from channels in the northern CAA due to the existence of a substantial ice-free period each year. The consequences of such ice conditions are twofold. First, through fluctuations of external forcings, such as solar radiation and wind stress, acting directly or indirectly on the sea surface, the seasonal ice coverage leads to significant seasonal variations in both stratification and circulation. Our simulation results suggest that such variations include freshening and deepening of the surface layer, in which salinity can reach as low as 15 during the peak runoff season, and significantly stronger along-shore currents driven directly by the wind stress during the ice-free season. The second consequence is that the sea ice is not landfast but can move freely during the melting season. By analyzing the relative importance of thermodynamic (freezing and/or melting) and dynamic (ice movement) processes to the ice dynamics, our simulation results suggest that there is a net inflow of sea ice into the Kitikmeot Sea, which melts locally each summer. The movement of sea ice thus provides a significant freshwater pathway, which contributes approximately 14 km3 yr−1 of fresh water to the Kitikmeot Sea, on average, equivalent to a third of freshwater input from runoff from the land.
季节性覆冰对加拿大北极群岛基蒂克梅托海物理海洋学条件的影响
摘要Kitikmeot海是加拿大北极群岛南部的一条半封闭的东西向水道。在目前的工作中,使用1/12°分辨率的数值模拟对基蒂克梅奥海的冰况、分层和环流进行了诊断。Kitikmeot海的物理海洋学条件与CAA北部的航道不同,因为每年都有相当长的无冰期。这种结冰条件的后果是双重的。首先,通过直接或间接作用于海面的太阳辐射和风应力等外部作用力的波动,季节性覆冰导致分层和环流的显著季节变化。我们的模拟结果表明,这种变化包括表层的更新和加深,在径流高峰期,盐度可以低至15,在无冰季节,由风应力直接驱动的沿岸流明显更强。第二个后果是海冰不会登陆,但在融化季节可以自由移动。通过分析热力学(冻结和/或融化)和动力学(冰运动)过程对冰动力学的相对重要性,我们的模拟结果表明,每年夏天,Kitikmeot海都会有海冰净流入,局部融化。因此,海冰的运动提供了一条重要的淡水通道,平均而言,这条通道为基蒂克梅托海贡献了约14 km3 yr-1的淡水,相当于陆地径流淡水输入的三分之一。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Atmosphere-Ocean
Atmosphere-Ocean 地学-海洋学
CiteScore
2.50
自引率
16.70%
发文量
33
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Atmosphere-Ocean is the principal scientific journal of the Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society (CMOS). It contains results of original research, survey articles, notes and comments on published papers in all fields of the atmospheric, oceanographic and hydrological sciences. Arctic, coastal and mid- to high-latitude regions are areas of particular interest. Applied or fundamental research contributions in English or French on the following topics are welcomed: climate and climatology; observation technology, remote sensing; forecasting, modelling, numerical methods; physics, dynamics, chemistry, biogeochemistry; boundary layers, pollution, aerosols; circulation, cloud physics, hydrology, air-sea interactions; waves, ice, energy exchange and related environmental topics.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信