Government Policies, New Voter Coalitions, and the Emergence of Ethnic Dimension in Party Systems

IF 4.5 1区 社会学 Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Maayan Mor
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Abstract Conventional theories of ethnic politics argue that political entrepreneurs form ethnic parties where there is ethnic diversity. Yet empirical research finds that diversity is a weak predictor for the success of ethnic parties. When does ethnicity become a major element of party competition? Scholars have explained the emergence of an ethnic dimension in party systems as the result of institutions, mass organizations, and elite initiatives. But these factors can evolve in response to an emerging ethnic coalition of voters. The author advances a new theory: ethnic cleavages emerge when voters seek to form a parliamentary opposition to government policies that create grievances along ethnic identities. The theory is tested on rare cases of government policies in Prussia between 1848 and 1874 that aggrieved Catholics but were not based on existing policies or initiated by entrepreneurs to encourage ethnic competition. Using process tracing, case comparisons, and statistical analysis of electoral returns, the author shows that Catholics voted together when aggrieved by policies, regardless of the actions of political entrepreneurs. In contrast, when policies were neutral to Catholics, the Catholic party dissolved.
政府政策、新选民联盟与政党制度中民族维度的出现
传统的民族政治理论认为,在存在民族多样性的地方,政治企业家会形成民族政党。然而,实证研究发现,多样性并不能很好地预测族裔政党的成功。种族什么时候成为政党竞争的主要因素?学者们解释说,政党制度中出现的民族维度是制度、群众组织和精英倡议的结果。但这些因素可能会随着种族选民联盟的出现而发生变化。作者提出了一种新的理论:当选民试图在议会中形成反对政府政策的力量时,种族分裂就会出现。这一理论在1848年至1874年间的普鲁士政府政策的罕见案例中得到了检验,这些政策使天主教徒感到不满,但不是基于现有政策,也不是由企业家发起的,以鼓励种族竞争。通过过程追踪、案例比较和选举结果的统计分析,作者表明,天主教徒在对政策感到不满时,无论政治企业家的行为如何,都会一起投票。相反,当政策对天主教徒保持中立时,天主教徒党就会解散。
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来源期刊
World Politics
World Politics Multiple-
CiteScore
8.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
24
期刊介绍: World Politics, founded in 1948, is an internationally renowned quarterly journal of political science published in both print and online versions. Open to contributions by scholars, World Politics invites submission of research articles that make theoretical and empirical contributions to the literature, review articles, and research notes bearing on problems in international relations and comparative politics. The journal does not publish articles on current affairs, policy pieces, or narratives of a journalistic nature. Articles submitted for consideration are unsolicited, except for review articles, which are usually commissioned. Published for the Princeton Institute for International and Regional Affairs
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