BETWEEN FIGHTING SPIRIT AND DESPAIR: THE GROWING DISTRUST OF LANGUAGE IN ERNST TOLLER'S WORK IN EXILE

IF 0.2 3区 文学 0 LITERATURE, GERMAN, DUTCH, SCANDINAVIAN
Kirsten Reimers
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

It was only by a lucky coincidence that Ernst Toller escaped arrest in National Socialist Germany. The author understood his own survival as an obligation to stand up for the victims of National Socialism and to fight against fascism. He dedicated his whole life to this task. Until his suicide in May 1939, Toller was mainly acting as a public speaker on the situation in Nazi Germany. Although Toller wrote two plays as late as 1939, he was still struggling with the English language. He wrote in German and depended on the help of others to translate his plays. As he said himself, he felt imprisoned in the German language. In addition, the audience he actually wanted to reach and stir up was the German population. Whereas Toller had experimented with form and expression in his plays of the Weimar era, searching for ever-new ways to capture political commitment in contemporary literary form, his works written in exile were much more conventional. What influence did the exile experience and the language barrier have on Toller's dramatic writing, and how did this change his self-image as an author and his conceptions of literary theory? These questions will be addressed in this article.

在斗志与绝望之间:托勒流亡作品中对语言日益增长的不信任
恩斯特·托勒侥幸逃脱了纳粹德国的逮捕。作者将自己的生存理解为一种义务,即为国家社会主义受害者挺身而出,与法西斯主义作斗争。他为这项任务奉献了一生。在1939年5月自杀之前,托勒主要是作为一个关于纳粹德国局势的公众演说家。尽管托勒直到1939年才写了两部戏剧,但他仍在努力学习英语。他用德语写作,并依靠别人的帮助翻译他的剧本。正如他自己所说,他觉得自己被德语囚禁了。此外,他真正想要触及和煽动的观众是德国人。托勒在魏玛时代的戏剧中尝试了形式和表达,寻找在当代文学形式中捕捉政治承诺的新方法,而他在流亡期间创作的作品则更为传统。流亡经历和语言障碍对托勒的戏剧创作有什么影响?这又如何改变了他作为作家的自我形象和他的文学理论观念?本文将讨论这些问题。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
GERMAN LIFE AND LETTERS
GERMAN LIFE AND LETTERS LITERATURE, GERMAN, DUTCH, SCANDINAVIAN-
CiteScore
0.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
43
期刊介绍: - German Life and Letters was founded in 1936 by the distinguished British Germanist L.A. Willoughby and the publisher Basil Blackwell. In its first number the journal described its aim as "engagement with German culture in its widest aspects: its history, literature, religion, music, art; with German life in general". German LIfe and Letters has continued over the decades to observe its founding principles of providing an international and interdisciplinary forum for scholarly analysis of German culture past and present. The journal appears four times a year, and a typical number contains around eight articles of between six and eight thousand words each.
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