The Dictionary of the Author’s Language and Explanatory Dictionaries of the Literary Language: System and Quantitative Correlations

Abstract

This article deals with the problem of the correlation of the vocabulary of explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language of different types by S.I. Ozhegov with the vocabulary presented in the author’s dictionary - the Dictionary of the Pushkin language. The system parameters of the ratio were revealed during the analysis of the Large Academic Dictionary, the Small Academic Dictionary, the Dictionary of the Pushkin Language and two pieces by A.S. PushkIn: “The Queen of Spades” and “The Captain’s Daughter”. It is shown that one of the effective methods of studying the system properties of probabilistic objects, such as the lexical composition of a language, is the calculation of the distribution. It is shown that the distribution of words by the number of meanings is one of the essential structural characteristics of vocabulary. The concept of a “semantic trigger” is introduced as a carrier of implicit semantic information that triggers a search for the relevant meaning of a polysemic word in the mind of a native speaker. The analysis of the relationship between the dictionary of the text, the consolidated dictionary of the author’s language and the general language dictionary according to the degree of polysemy of the vocabulary presented in them showed that a consistent increase in average characteristics in the text vocabulary up to maximum in Large Dictionary which is associated with the gradual accumulation of values realized in increasingly extensive text arrays, in increasingly diverse contexts. The observed strengthening of the zone of medium-polysemic words in the general language dictionary in comparison with the idiolect dictionary is a reflection of the fact that the most common, repeated for dictionaries of each of the private spheres (following the service words) are commonly used and broad-thematic words occupying the medium-polysemic zone.