Policing faces: the present and future of intelligent facial surveillance

IF 1.8 Q1 LAW

Information & Communications Technology Law Pub Date : 2021-08-11 DOI:10.1080/13600834.2021.1994220

Lachlan D. Urquhart, Diana Miranda

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引用次数: 9

Abstract

ABSTRACT In this paper, we discuss the present and future uses of intelligent facial surveillance (IFS) in law enforcement. We present an empirical and legally focused case study of live automated facial recognition technologies (LFR) in British policing. In Part I, we analyse insights from 26 frontline police officers exploring their concerns and current scepticism about LFR. We analyse recent UK case law on LFR use by police which raises concerns around human rights, data protection and anti-discrimination laws. In Part II, we consider frontline officers’ optimism around future uses of LFR and explore emerging forms of IFS, namely emotional AI (EAI) technologies. A key novelty of the paper is our analysis on how the proposed EU AI Regulation (AIR) will shape future uses of IFS in policing. AIR makes LFR a prohibited form of AI and EAI use by law enforcement will be regulated as high-risk AI that has to comply with new rules and design requirements. Part III presents a series of 10 practical lessons, drawn from our reflections on the legal and empirical perspectives. These aim to inform any future law enforcement use of IFS in the UK and beyond.

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警务人脸：智能人脸监控的现状与未来

在本文中，我们讨论了智能面部监控(IFS)在执法中的应用现状和未来。我们提出了在英国警务现场自动面部识别技术(LFR)的经验和法律为重点的案例研究。在第一部分中，我们分析了26名一线警察的见解，探讨了他们对LFR的担忧和当前的怀疑。我们分析了最近英国关于警察使用LFR的判例法，这引起了人们对人权、数据保护和反歧视法的关注。在第二部分中，我们考虑了一线军官对LFR未来使用的乐观态度，并探索了IFS的新兴形式，即情感人工智能(EAI)技术。本文的一个关键新颖之处在于，我们分析了拟议的欧盟人工智能法规(AIR)将如何影响未来在警务中使用IFS。AIR使LFR成为一种被禁止的人工智能形式，执法部门使用的EAI将被监管为必须遵守新规则和设计要求的高风险人工智能。第三部分提出了一系列的10个实践教训，这些教训来自我们对法律和实证观点的反思。这些目的是告知未来在英国和其他地方使用IFS的执法人员。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Information & Communications Technology Law LAW-

CiteScore

3.10

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： The last decade has seen the introduction of computers and information technology at many levels of human transaction. Information technology (IT) is now used for data collation, in daily commercial transactions like transfer of funds, conclusion of contract, and complex diagnostic purposes in fields such as law, medicine and transport. The use of IT has expanded rapidly with the introduction of multimedia and the Internet. Any new technology inevitably raises a number of questions ranging from the legal to the ethical and the social. Information & Communications Technology Law covers topics such as: the implications of IT for legal processes and legal decision-making and related ethical and social issues.