Risk Factors Associated with Underweight Children Under the Age of Five in Putrajaya, Malaysia: A Case-Control Study

Abstract

The study aimed to determine the associated factors for underweight among children under five years old in Putrajaya, Malaysia. This was a case-control study with a one-to-one ratio matched by sex as well as by three age categories (6‒11 months, 12‒35 months, dan 36‒59 months) between underweight and normal-weight children. There were 364 underweight children and 364 children with normal weight recruited from four government clinics and 118 preschools in Putrajaya. Both groups were assessed via face-to-face interviews; anthropometric measurements; haemoglobin level through finger prick blood sample; and a self-administered 3-day food diary. Underweight is defined as a weight-for-age z score less than -2SD based on World Health Organization (WHO) 2006 Growth Chart. The logistic regression’s final model revealed that various factors were significantly associated with underweight among children under five in Putrajaya. These factors included father being employed as a non-government servant [aOR:1.45 (95% CI:1.04‒2.02) compared to government servant], children from B40 group with a monthly household income less than

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马来西亚布城五岁以下儿童体重不足的相关危险因素:一项病例对照研究

这项研究旨在确定马来西亚普特拉贾亚五岁以下儿童体重不足的相关因素。这是一项病例对照研究，在体重不足和正常体重的儿童之间，按性别和三个年龄类别（6-11个月、12-35个月和36-59个月）进行一对一的比例匹配。Putrajaya的四家政府诊所和118所幼儿园招募了364名体重不足的儿童和364名体重正常的儿童。两组均通过面对面访谈进行评估；人体测量；通过手指穿刺血样检测血红蛋白水平；以及一份自我管理的3天食物日记。根据世界卫生组织（世界卫生组织）2006年的增长图，体重不足被定义为按年龄计算的z分低于-2SD。逻辑回归的最终模型显示，Putrajaya五岁以下儿童的体重不足与各种因素显著相关。这些因素包括父亲受雇于非政府公务员[aOR:1.45（95%CI:1.04-2.02），与政府公务员相比]，B40组的孩子每月家庭收入低于7380令吉（1727.33美元）[aOR:2.17（95%CI:1.01-4.66），与T20相比]，每月育儿支出低于1000令吉（234.06美元），[aOR:1.77（95%CI:1.01-3.10），与≥2000令吉相比]，怀孕前体重不足的母亲[aOR:1.89（95%CI:1.10-3.26）]与正常体重相比，贫血儿童[aOR:1.57（95%CI:11.15-2.16）]与普通儿童相比，使用奶嘴的儿童[aOR:7.75（95%CI:1.21-2.73）]与不使用奶嘴相比，与未注册保姆住在一起的儿童[aOR:2.33（85%CI:1.52-3.59）]与上幼儿园的儿童相比。上述研究结果表明，有几个因素与五岁以下儿童体重不足显著相关。因此，它强调了改善家庭社会经济地位、产妇营养状况以及婴幼儿喂养做法的重要性，以防止这一人群出现体重不足问题。

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