Changes in the rehabilitation status of irrigated lands in the Volgograd Oblast during 2001–2018

Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences
I. Gorokhova, E. Pankova
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Abstract

A comparative assessment of the rehabilitation status of irrigated lands, which are located in different natural areas of the Volgograd Oblast, is presented for 2001–2018. It was found that during the specified period there were recorded significant changes in the condition of irrigated lands: the total irrigation area has dramatically decreased since 2001 (-31%), especially at local runoff (-44.5%), the groundwater level has decreased (the level >5 m remains on 78% of the area). Also on this background, the areas of secondary salinized soils were also decreased (-3.9%). The main problems at the present are: the presence of fallow lands and rain-fed lands initially cultivated for irrigation, the lack of drainage on the most of irrigation systems and significant areas of saline soils requiring rehabilitation. Differences in natural conditions have largely determined the current rehabilitation state of irrigated soils and the intensity of their changes. Thus, the largest areas of secondary saline soils are preserved on irrigation systems located on the initially highly saline, poorly drained soils of the Khvalyn clay plain (Pallasovka, Svetloyarsk irrigation systems). Reconstruction of a number of irrigation systems with areas of secondary saline soils gave a positive result, after which secondary saline soils on reclaimed lands were not detected (Large Volgograd, Tyazhin irrigation systems). Significant areas of saline soils can be found on irrigated lands in the distribution areas of natural saline soils and chestnut, light chestnut saline soils – in the south of the Volga Upland, in the area of the Northern Yergeni and on the Khvalyn clay plain (Gorodishуsche, Generalovskoye, Pallasovka, etc. irrigation systems). Inherent research on the Volga-Don irrigation system with the involvement of remote sensing data has shown that this system reflects the general features of the modern rehabilitation condition of irrigated lands of the Volgograd Oblast – fallow lands, lack of drainage, and widespread saline soils are specific for this area. The use of high-resolution multispectral satellite images (Landsat-8, Sentinel-2) for the purposes of detection of fallow and irrigated lands in the current season demonstrates the possibility of clarifying information on this category of land. The determination of the distribution of salinized and solonetzic soils on irrigated lands of the Volgograd Oblast by remote methods can be carried out indirectly, i. e. according to the state of vegetation: when areas of sparse vegetation cover are being identified on images, targeted routes for soil surveys and soil sampling are selected. 
2001-2008年伏尔加格勒州灌溉土地恢复状况的变化
2001-2008年,对伏尔加格勒州不同自然区域的灌溉土地恢复状况进行了比较评估。研究发现,在特定时期内,灌溉土地的状况发生了显著变化:自2001年以来,总灌溉面积急剧减少(-31%),特别是在局部径流(-44.5%)下,地下水位下降(面积的78%仍保持在5m以上)。同样在这种背景下,次生盐碱地的面积也减少了(-3.9%)。目前的主要问题是:存在最初为灌溉而耕种的休耕地和雨水灌溉地,大多数灌溉系统缺乏排水,大量盐碱地需要修复。自然条件的差异在很大程度上决定了灌溉土壤目前的恢复状态及其变化的强度。因此,最大面积的次生盐渍土保存在灌溉系统上,该灌溉系统位于Khvalyn粘土平原最初的高盐、排水不良的土壤上(Pallasovka、Svetloyarsk灌溉系统)。用次生盐碱地重建一些灌溉系统取得了积极的结果,之后在开垦的土地上没有发现次生盐碱地(大伏尔加格勒、泰亚津灌溉系统)。在伏尔加高原南部、叶尔根尼北部和赫瓦林粘土平原(Gorodishуsche、Generalovskoye、Pallasovka等灌溉系统)的天然盐渍土和栗色、浅栗色盐渍土分布区的灌溉土地上,可以发现大量的盐渍土。通过遥感数据对伏尔加-顿河灌溉系统进行的固有研究表明,该系统反映了伏尔加格勒州灌溉土地现代恢复条件的一般特征——休耕地、缺乏排水系统和广泛的盐碱地是该地区特有的。利用高分辨率多光谱卫星图像(陆地卫星-8号、哨兵-2号)探测当前季节的休耕地和灌溉地,表明有可能澄清这类土地的信息。通过远程方法可以间接确定伏尔加格勒州灌溉土地上盐碱化土壤和盐碱化土壤的分布,即根据植被状况:当在图像上识别稀疏植被覆盖区域时,选择有针对性的土壤调查和土壤采样路线。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
15
审稿时长
8 weeks
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