Novel molecular targets and mechanisms for neuroprotective modulation in neurodegenerative disorders.

Q3 Psychology
Aala Azari, Amin Goodarzi, Behrouz Jafarkhani, M. Eghbali, Zohreh Karimi, Seyed Sajad Hosseini Balef, H. Irannejad
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

BACKGROUND Neuronal death underlies the symptoms of several human neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis that their precise pathophysiology have not yet been elucidated. According to various studies the prohibition is the best therapy with neuroprotective approaches which are advanced and safe methods. METHODS This review summarizes some of the already-known and newly emerged neuroprotective targets and strategies that their experimental effects have been reported. Accordingly, literature was studied from 2000 to 2021 and appropriate articles were searched in Google Scholar and Scopus with the keywords given in the Keywords section of the current review. RESULTS Lewy bodies are the histopathologic characteristics of neurodegenerative disorders and are protein-rich intracellular deposits in which Alpha-Synuclein is its major protein. Alpha-Synuclein's toxic potential provides a compelling rationale for therapeutic strategies aimed at decreasing its burden in neuronal cells through numerous pathways including ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy-lysosome Pathway, proteolytic breakdown via cathepsin D, kallikrein-6 (neurosin), calpain-1 or MMP9, heat shock proteins, and proteolysis targeting chimera which consists of a target protein ligand and an E3 ubiquitin ligase (E3) followed by target protein ubiquitination (PROTACs). Other targets that have been noticed recently are the mutant huntingtin, tau proteins and glycogen synthase kinase 3β that their accumulation proceeds extensive neuronal damage and up to the minute approach such as Proteolysis Targeting Chimera promotes its degradation in cells. As various studies demonstrated that Mendelian gene mutations can result into the neurodegenerative diseases, additional target that has gained much interest is epigenetics such as mutation, phosphodiesterase, RNA binding proteins and Nuclear respiratory factor 1. CONCLUSION The novel molecular targets and new strategies compiled and introduced here can be used by scientists to design and discover more efficient small molecule drugs against the neurodegenerative diseases. And also the genes in which their mutations can lead to the α-synuclein aggregation or accumulation are discussed and considered a valuable information of epigenetics in dementia.
神经退行性疾病中神经保护调节的新分子靶点和机制。
背景:神经元死亡是几种人类神经系统疾病症状的基础,包括阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和亨廷顿病,以及肌萎缩侧索硬化症,它们的确切病理生理学尚未阐明。根据各种研究,禁止是最好的治疗方法,神经保护方法是先进和安全的。方法综述了一些已知的和新发现的神经保护靶点和策略及其实验效果。因此,研究了2000年至2021年的文献,并在谷歌Scholar和Scopus中检索了相应的文章,并在当前综述的keywords部分给出了关键词。结果变体是神经退行性疾病的组织病理学特征,是一种以α -突触核蛋白为主要蛋白的富含蛋白质的细胞内沉积物。α -突触核蛋白的毒性潜力为治疗策略提供了一个令人信服的理论基础,旨在通过多种途径减少其在神经元细胞中的负担,包括泛素-蛋白酶体系统和自噬-溶酶体途径,通过组织蛋白酶D、钾化钾素-6(神经素)、calpain-1或MMP9、热休克蛋白、蛋白水解靶向嵌合体,由靶蛋白配体和E3泛素连接酶(E3)组成,然后是靶蛋白泛素化(PROTACs)。最近注意到的其他靶标是突变的亨廷顿蛋白,tau蛋白和糖原合成酶激酶3β,它们的积累会引起广泛的神经元损伤,并且直到一分钟的方法,如靶向嵌合体的蛋白水解促进其在细胞中的降解。随着各种研究表明孟德尔基因突变可导致神经退行性疾病,表观遗传学方面的突变、磷酸二酯酶、RNA结合蛋白和核呼吸因子1等也引起了人们的广泛关注。结论本文所编制和介绍的新分子靶点和新策略可为科学家设计和发现更有效的神经退行性疾病小分子药物提供参考。并讨论了α-突触核蛋白聚集或积累的基因突变,认为这是痴呆表观遗传学的重要信息。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry
Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry Psychology-Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology
CiteScore
2.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
21
期刊介绍: Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry aims to cover all the latest and outstanding developments in medicinal chemistry and rational drug design for the discovery of new central nervous system agents. Containing a series of timely in-depth reviews written by leaders in the field covering a range of current topics, Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry is an essential journal for every medicinal chemist who wishes to be kept informed and up-to-date with the latest and most important developments in the field.
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