Agro-waste sourced catalyst as an eco-friendly and sustainable approach for Knoevenagel condensation reaction

IF 0.9 Q4 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Current Organocatalysis Pub Date : 2021-12-22 DOI:10.2174/2213337209666211222145453

Krishnappa B Badiger, S. Khatavi, P. B. Hiremath, Kantharaju Kamanna

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引用次数: 2

Abstract

The present work describes an eco-friendly and sustainable approach for the Knoevenagel condensation of an aromatic aldehyde with ethyl cyanoacetate, and salicylaldehyde with Meldrum acid for the synthesis of ethyl benzylidenecyanoacetate and 3-carboxy coumarin (2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran) derivatives, respectively. The reaction performed under greener catalytic media Water Extract of Watermelon Fruit Peel Ash (WEWFPA) is an eco-friendly protocol derived from the agro-waste feedstock. Various protocols have been reported for the synthesis of Knoevenagel condensation reaction using a hazardous catalyst or/and solvent found toxic to the environment, reaction time longer, poor yield, and required purification of the final product. The present method provides several added advantages of being completely greener, economic, giving high yield, inexpensive catalyst, and the final product isolated in pure form with good yield. The objective of the study was to develop a green methodology for the synthesis of ethyl benzylidenecyanoacetate and 3-carboxy coumarin derivatives. The agro-waste based catalyst developed avoids the use of external inorganic/organic base, additives, and solvent-free synthesis of Knoevenagel condensation of ethyl benzylidenecyanoacetate and 3-carboxy coumarin derivatives under rt and microwave irradiation, respectively described. The microwave irradiation condition requires less time for the completion of the reaction and also gave better yield isolation We have demonstrated WEWFPA as a greener homogenous agro-waste is employed under rt stirring and microwave irradiation for the economic synthesis of ethyl benzylidenecyanoacetate and 3-carboxy coumarin derivatives. The developed method was found robust, non-hazardous and solvent-free with simple work-up gave target product. In conclusion, we have established an efficient, simple, agro-waste based catalytic approach for the synthesis of ethylbenzylidenecyanoacetate and 3-carboxy coumarin derivatives employing WEWFPA as an efficient catalyst under rt stirring and microwave synthesis, respectively. The method is a greener, economical and eco-friendly approach for the synthesis of Knoevenagel condensation products. The advantages of the present approach are solvent-free, no external metal, chemical base free, short reaction time and isolated product in good to excellent yields. The catalyst is agro-waste derived, which has abundant in natural sources, thus making the present approach a greener one.

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农业废弃物来源催化剂作为环保和可持续的方法为Knoevenagel缩合反应

本工作描述了一种环保和可持续的方法，芳香族醛与氰乙酸乙酯缩合，水杨醛与梅尔德鲁姆酸缩合，分别合成了苯基苄基氰乙酸乙酯和3-羧基香豆素(2-氧- 2h -1-苯并吡喃)衍生物。在绿色催化介质西瓜果皮灰水提物(WEWFPA)下进行的反应是一种源自农业废物原料的环保方案。已经报道了各种方案，用于合成Knoevenagel缩合反应，使用有害的催化剂或/和溶剂，发现对环境有毒，反应时间长，收率低，并且需要对最终产物进行纯化。本方法具有完全绿色环保、经济、产率高、催化剂价格低廉、最终产物分离纯度高、产率高等优点。本研究的目的是建立一种绿色的方法来合成乙酸乙酯和3-羧基香豆素衍生物。所开发的基于农业废弃物的催化剂避免了使用外部无机/有机碱、添加剂，并在rt和微波辐照下分别无溶剂合成了Knoevenagel缩合的苄基异氰乙酸乙酯和3-羧基香豆素衍生物。微波辐照条件下，完成反应所需时间更短，产率也更高。我们已经证明，WEWFPA作为一种更环保的均质农业废弃物，在rt搅拌和微波辐照下，用于经济地合成乙酸乙酯和3-羧基香豆素衍生物。结果表明，该方法稳定、无毒、无溶剂，处理简单，可得到目标产物。综上所述，我们建立了一种高效、简单、基于农业废弃物的催化方法，利用WEWFPA作为高效催化剂，分别在rt搅拌和微波合成下合成了乙基苄基异氰乙酸酯和3-羧基香豆素衍生物。该方法是一种绿色、经济、环保的合成Knoevenagel缩合产物的方法。该方法的优点是无溶剂、无外部金属、无化学碱、反应时间短、分离产物收率高。催化剂来源于农业废弃物，具有丰富的自然资源，因此使目前的方法更加环保。

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来源期刊

Current Organocatalysis CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL-

CiteScore

2.00

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： Current Organocatalysis is an international peer-reviewed journal that publishes significant research in all areas of organocatalysis. The journal covers organo homogeneous/heterogeneous catalysis, innovative mechanistic studies and kinetics of organocatalytic processes focusing on practical, theoretical and computational aspects. It also includes potential applications of organocatalysts in the fields of drug discovery, synthesis of novel molecules, synthetic method development, green chemistry and chemoenzymatic reactions. This journal also accepts papers on methods, reagents, and mechanism of a synthetic process and technology pertaining to chemistry. Moreover, this journal features full-length/mini review articles within organocatalysis and synthetic chemistry. It is the premier source of organocatalysis and synthetic methods related information for chemists, biologists and engineers pursuing research in industry and academia.