Manufacture, use and management of macro-lithic resources in the Bronze Age settlement of Bruszczewo (Poland)

IF 1.1 0 ARCHAEOLOGY
S. Delgado-Raack, J. Kneisel, J. Czebreszuk, Johannes Müller
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Contrary to pottery or metal artefacts, macro-lithic tools are still not fully integrated into the archaeological research programs concerning the Early Bronze Age of Central Europe. While such kind of archaeological materials usually do not easily allow typological approaches, their constant participation in several productive spheres makes them a crucial element for understanding the economic processes and the organisation of past societies. This paper presents the general results of the investigation carried out on an assemblage of 1073 macro-lithic items recovered in the wet soil area of the site of Bruszczewo (municipality of Śmigiel, Poland). This fortified settlement was inhabited during the Early Bronze Age (2100-1650 BCE) and later on in the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age (1100-800 BCE), with minor archaeological evidences from Middle Ages. The methodology applied in this assessment is a holistic one, which combines manufacturing (petrography and morphometry), functional (use-wear and residues) and spatial analyses. This approach has allowed recording a mainly local raw material supplying system, based on the gathering of pebbles in the vicinity of the site and a minimal transformation of raw pieces previous to use. Moreover, Bruszczewo comes out to be a central settlement managing and controlling exogenous ores, such as copper and gold, as shown by residues found on some macro-lithic forging anvils. All in all, the recognition in the macro-lithic tool assemblage of different tasks related to subsistence (food preparation) as well as to manufacture (metallurgy, probably bone working) processes contributes to (a) defining the settlement's organisation and the management of resources in the site and (b) improving our understanding of the role played by central settlements in the socio-economic networks, at a time when the first class societies emerged in Central Europe.
Bruszczewo(波兰)青铜时代定居点的宏观石器资源的制造、使用和管理
与陶器或金属制品相反,宏观石器工具仍未完全纳入有关中欧早期青铜器时代的考古研究项目。虽然这类考古材料通常不容易采用类型学方法,但它们在几个生产领域的持续参与使它们成为理解过去社会的经济过程和组织的关键因素。本文介绍了在Bruszczewo (Śmigiel,波兰)遗址湿土区发现的1073个宏观石器项目的总体调查结果。这个坚固的定居点在青铜时代早期(公元前2100-1650年)和后来的青铜时代晚期和铁器时代早期(公元前1100-800年)有人居住,中世纪有少量考古证据。本次评估采用的方法是一种整体方法,结合了制造(岩石学和形态学)、功能(使用磨损和残留物)和空间分析。这种方法主要记录了当地的原材料供应系统,基于场地附近的鹅卵石收集和使用前对原材料的最小改造。此外,Bruszczewo是一个管理和控制外源矿石(如铜和金)的中心聚落,从一些宏观岩屑锻造砧上发现的残留物可以看出。总而言之,在宏观石器工具组合中对与生存(食物准备)和制造(冶金,可能是骨骼加工)过程相关的不同任务的认识有助于(a)定义定居点的组织和现场资源的管理;(b)提高我们对中央定居点在社会经济网络中所起作用的理解,当时中欧出现了第一个阶级社会。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
自引率
10.00%
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6
审稿时长
8 weeks
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