García Márqueze „Patriarhi sügis“ traditsiooni ja uuenduse vahel [“The Autumn of the Patriarch” by García Márquez − Between Tradition and Modernity]

Abstract

Luule ja proosa piirile jaav Gabriel Garcia Marqueze romaan „Patriarhi sugis“ on naide Ladina-Ameerika 1970. aastate diktaatoriromaanist, mis andis uue kirjandusliku nao vanale uhiskondlikule probleemile. Artikkel paigutab koigepealt teose kirjandusloolisesse konteksti, vottes arvesse selle intertekstuaalsust, seost diktatuuriromaani žanri ning ladinaameerika uue ajalooromaaniga. Seejarel keskendub uurimus kusimusele, kuidas sona- ja motiivikordused aitavad moista traditsiooni ja uuenduse suhet romaani struktuuri ja loo tasandil. Kordused, mis lahendavad proosat luulele ja konele, viitavad regulaarsusele, identiteedile ja traditsioonile, aga juhatavad meid ka muutumatuse ja ainutoe kriitikani, kui ilmuvad teisenevas kontekstis voi kui uks teoses korduvaid kusimusi on: kust uldse algab teadmine? Votmesonad: diktaatoriromaan, ladinaameerika uus ajalooromaan, kordus, hispaaniakeelne kirjandus -------------- As a social-protest genre of literature, the Latin American dictator novel has always created a rupture of the discourse that legitimizes an antidemocratic regime or otherwise denies its antidemocratic character. When Garcia Marquez published The Autumn of the Patriarch (written between 1958 and 1975), the tradition of pondering literarily on dictatorships was more than 120 years old. However, it was due to the fact that, in a short time, The Recourse to the Method  by Carpentier and I, the Supreme by Roa Bastos also appeared, that researchers started to consider it worthy of study as a genre. That research continues into the present day. As an example of the experimental protest literature of the 1970s, The  Autumn of the Patriarch blurs the lines between prose and poetry, delving into the unreliable discourse around a dead despot and his power. First, this article specifies the place of the novel within the literary tradition, taking into account the development of the dictator novel and the Latin American new historical novel, as well as intertextuality. Next, the article, working from the essay  Children of the Mire. Modern Poetry from Romanticism  to the Avant-Garde  (1974) by Paz, focuses on the question of how the repetition of words and situations helps us to understand the relationship between tradition and modernity in Marquez’s book. The repetitions bring prose closer to poetry and oral communication, and refer to continuity, regularity, identity and tradition. However, paradoxically, when the context of these repetitions changes, we are led to a criticism of immutability and of any kind of absolute truth. In the end, the question asked again and again in the book is: Between lies and beliefs, where is the truth to be found? Keywords: dictator novel, Latin American new historical novel, repetition, literature in Spanish language