Nuclear neurotransmitter molecular imaging of autism spectrum disorder

IF 0.7 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
A. Syed, James Robert Brašić
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of developmental disabilities characterized by marked deficits in social communication and interaction, including limited and repetitive patterns of behavior. We selected key nuclear neurotransmitter molecular imaging reports of ASD by combining “autism” AND “positron” AND “dopamine” OR “serotonin” OR “glutamate” OR “GABA” utilizing databases as follows: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. This review reports important findings in ASD utilizing positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). We studied major neurotransmitter systems, dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Dopamine neurotransmission was decreased in the anterior medial prefrontal cortex in children with autism. Dopamine transporter was increased in the orbital frontal cortex of adults with ASD and decreased in the striatum of children with ASD. Decreased tryptophan metabolism, an estimate of serotonin synthesis, (A) in left frontal cortex correlated with severe language impairment and (B) in the right frontal cortex correlated with left and mixed handedness. Although not confirmed by some investigators, serotonin transporter was decreased in the cingulate, the medial frontal cortex, the midbrain, and the temporal lobes. Serotonin receptors were decreased in the thalamus in individuals with ASD and in the cortices of parents of children with ASD. Metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR 5 ) was increased in the post-central gyrus and the cerebellum of men with autism. PET studies for GABA did not differentiate people with ASD from controls. The increasing incidence of ASD and the inconsistent findings of different nuclear molecular imaging studies are evidence for the urgent need for further investigations utilizing nuclear molecular imaging to identify the key neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of ASD.
自闭症谱系障碍的核神经递质分子成像
自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)是一组发育障碍,其特征是社会沟通和互动的明显缺陷,包括有限和重复的行为模式。我们结合“自闭症”、“正电子”、“多巴胺”、“血清素”、“谷氨酸”或“GABA”等词,选取了与ASD相关的关键核神经递质分子成像报告,数据库包括PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science、Science Direct和谷歌Scholar。本文综述了利用正电子发射断层扫描(PET)和单光子发射计算机断层扫描(SPECT)在ASD中的重要发现。我们研究了主要的神经递质系统,多巴胺、血清素、谷氨酸和γ -氨基丁酸(GABA)。自闭症儿童前额叶前部内侧皮层多巴胺神经传递减少。多巴胺转运体在成人ASD患者眶额皮质中增加,在儿童ASD患者纹状体中减少。色氨酸代谢减少,估计5 -羟色胺合成,(A)在左额叶皮层与严重的语言障碍有关,(B)在右额叶皮层与左右手和混合型惯用手有关。虽然没有得到一些研究者的证实,但5 -羟色胺转运体在扣带回、内侧额叶皮层、中脑和颞叶中有所减少。5 -羟色胺受体在自闭症患者的丘脑和自闭症儿童父母的大脑皮层中减少。自闭症男性中脑后回和小脑的代谢性谷氨酸受体亚型5 (mGluR 5)增加。GABA的PET研究并没有将ASD患者与对照组区分开来。ASD发病率的增加和不同核分子成像研究结果的不一致,表明迫切需要进一步研究利用核分子成像来确定ASD病理生理背后的关键神经生理机制。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
AIMS Molecular Science
AIMS Molecular Science BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY-
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4
审稿时长
5 weeks
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