Stress, cardiovascular diseases and exercise – A narrative review

IF 1 Q4 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS
Heart and Mind Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI:10.4103/hm.hm_33_22
D. Popović, C. Lavie
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

The assuredness that adverse life stressors can lead to major negative impacts on an individual's health has been held since antiquity. Stress is considered a state of homeostasis being challenged, with biological consequences that can cause cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Stressors may be diverse and include a variety of psychological stressors, such as family stress, job strain, effort-award imbalance, long working hours, insecurity, social isolation, and lack of purpose in life. However, stressors may also be physical, immunological, metabolic, or environmental. Type of personality, anxiety, depression, pessimism or hostility, previous experience, genomics, body composition, nutritive and training status modulate stress responses and are important co-stressors. Chronic stress is linked with altered neurohormonal activity, which increases apoptotic pathways in cardiomyocytes. These pathways contribute to impaired myocardial contractility, increased risk of myocardial ischemia, infarction, heart failure, and arrhythmias. While stress is a vital risk factor for CVD, it has not been a major focus of preventive strategies. The purpose of this article is to review the impact of stress on CVD risk with an emphasis on approaches for stress reduction. Strength and endurance exercise, although being stress itself, leads to better adaptiveness to other types of stress, and by far has played an inevitable role in CVD risk reduction. Innovative strategies to combat CVD are strongly needed and exercise may be the best population-level cost-effective approach.
压力、心血管疾病和运动——述评
自古以来,人们就确信不利的生活压力会对个人健康产生重大负面影响。压力被认为是一种体内平衡受到挑战的状态,其生物学后果可能导致心血管疾病(CVD)。压力源可能是多种多样的,包括各种心理压力源,如家庭压力、工作压力、努力与回报的不平衡、长时间工作、不安全感、社会孤立和缺乏生活目标。然而,压力源也可能是生理的、免疫的、代谢的或环境的。人格类型、焦虑、抑郁、悲观或敌意、以前的经历、基因组学、身体成分、营养和训练状态调节应激反应,是重要的共应激源。慢性应激与神经激素活动的改变有关,这增加了心肌细胞的凋亡途径。这些途径导致心肌收缩力受损,增加心肌缺血、梗死、心力衰竭和心律失常的风险。虽然压力是心血管疾病的一个重要风险因素,但它并不是预防策略的主要重点。本文的目的是回顾压力对心血管疾病风险的影响,重点是减少压力的方法。力量和耐力锻炼虽然本身就是压力,但却能更好地适应其他类型的压力,迄今为止在降低心血管疾病风险方面发挥了不可避免的作用。对抗心血管疾病的创新策略是非常必要的,锻炼可能是最具成本效益的人群水平的方法。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
10
审稿时长
19 weeks
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