THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF CALIPH ABŪ BAKR TO THE FIRST MUSLIM LIBERATION OF ISLAMICJERUSALEM

Abstract

The first Muslim liberation of Islamicjerusalem in the seventh century is a remarkable historical triumph. After centuries of exclusion, peace and inclusivity in Holy Land could finally be established. Moreover, this historical event raised the credibility of Islam between two superpowers, the Byzantines and the Persians. Because the event occurred in the era of ‘Umar Ibn al-Khaṭṭāb, several studies have documented his significant role. However, limited literature focuses on the Muslim leader's role before him, Abū Bakr, as the first Caliph. After the Prophet Muhammad passed away, Caliph Abū Bakr contributed many things not only to strengthen the foundation of the Islamic State in Madinah but also to liberate Islamicjerusalem. The investigation and analysis based on primary sources and historical records show that Caliph Abū Bakr was adamant about continuing the Prophet's plan to liberate Islamicjerusalem. Therefore, this study examined Caliph Abū Bakr’s contributions during his reign to pave the way for the liberation of Islamicjerusalem. His significant contributions include sending out Usāmah’s army, securing domestic threats as well as uniting Muslims during the Apostates War, prioritizing and directing armies to al-Sham, and finally nominating the successor to ensure the continuation of the Holy Land's liberation. The result of this study supports the view that because of Caliph Abū Bakr's contributions, the first Muslim liberation of Islamicjerusaem could be achieved at the time of the second Caliph, ‘Umar Ibn al-Khaṭṭāb.