Four-Dimensional (4D) Printing: Applying Soft Adaptive Materials to Additive Manufacturing

IF 2.4 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Zibiao Li, X. Loh
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引用次数: 10

Abstract

Four-dimensional (4D) printing is an up-and-coming technology for the creation of dynamic devices which have shape changing capabilities or on-demand capabilities over time. Through the printing of adaptive 3D structures, the concept of 4D printing can be realized. Modern manufacturing primarily utilizes direct assembly techniques, limiting the possibility of error correction or instant modification of a structure. Self-building, programmable physical materials are interesting for the automatic and remote construction of structures. Adaptive materials are programmable physical or biological materials which possess shape changing properties or can be made to have simple logic responses. There is immense potential in having disorganized fragments form an ordered construct through physical interactions. However, these are currently limited to only self-assembly at the smallest scale, typically at the nanoscale. The answer to customizable macro-structures is in additive manufacturing, or 3D printing. 3D printing is a 30 years old technology which is beginning to be widely used by consumers. However, the main gripes about this technology are that it is too inefficient, inaccessible, and slow. Cost is also a significant factor in the adoption of this technology. 3D printing has the potential to transform and disrupt the manufacturing landscape as well as our lives. 4D printing seeks to use multi-functional materials in 3D printing so that the printed structure has multiple response capabilities and able to self-assemble on the macroscale. In this paper, we will analyze the early promise of this technology as well as to highlight potential challenges that adopters could face. The primary focus will be to have a look at the application of materials to 3D printing and to show how these materials can be tailored to create responsive customized 4D structures.
四维(4D)打印:将软适应性材料应用于增材制造
四维(4D)打印是一种新兴技术,用于创建具有随时间变化的形状或按需功能的动态设备。通过自适应3D结构的打印,可以实现4D打印的概念。现代制造主要利用直接组装技术,限制了结构纠错或即时修改的可能性。自行构建、可编程的物理材料对结构的自动化和远程施工很有兴趣。自适应材料是可编程的物理或生物材料,具有改变形状的特性或可以使其具有简单的逻辑响应。无组织的碎片通过物理相互作用形成有序结构具有巨大的潜力。然而,这些目前仅限于最小规模的自组装,通常是在纳米级。可定制宏结构的答案是在增材制造或3D打印中。3D打印是一项已有30年历史的技术,正开始被消费者广泛使用。然而,对这项技术的主要抱怨是它效率太低、无法访问和速度太慢。成本也是采用这项技术的一个重要因素。3D打印有可能改变和颠覆制造业和我们的生活。4D打印寻求在3D打印中使用多功能材料,使得打印的结构具有多种响应能力并且能够在宏观尺度上自组装。在本文中,我们将分析这项技术的早期前景,并强调采用者可能面临的潜在挑战。主要重点将是了解材料在3D打印中的应用,并展示如何对这些材料进行定制,以创建响应性定制的4D结构。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Journal of Molecular and Engineering Materials
Journal of Molecular and Engineering Materials MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
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