Long-term experiments with fertilizers-essential fertility changes

IF 1.4 4区生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-napoca Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI:10.15835/nbha51213201

M. Rusu, C. Toader, Valentin C. Mihai, M. Florea, L. Moldovan

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The paper presents soil analytical data and their interpretation from samples in long-term experiments as a result of NP, NPK and organo-mineral fertiliser applications in a stationary system for 20 years and wheat-maize-soybean rotation system. The results show that NP fertilisation (from ammonium nitrate and superphosphate) leads to acidification of soils (regardless of soil type) depending on increasing N a.i./ha. The acidification phenomenon is higher in typical preluvosol (taxonomically acidic soil) due to activation of adsorbed (potential) acidity and solubilisation of Al ions, with devolatilisation of adsorbent complex, which updates for this soil the need for correction of the reaction (pH) by means of calcium amendments. In contrast, for the alluvial mollisol, with neutral - weakly alkaline pH and higher humus % and high buffering capacity, the multiannual acidification due to N is reduced. NP, NPK mineral fertilisation, in balanced doses, can maintain the organic-C and humus content constant, balanced, within the specific limits of the soil type over a period of 20 years, with wheat-maize-soybean crop rotation. In contrast, amendment and processing conventional intensive tillage (on maize) decrease the content of these indicators, a phenomenon that can be attributed to the enhanced mineralisation of the soil organic component. Organic and organo-mineral fertilisation can lead to a favourable modelling of humus content. The mobile forms of the essential elements of nutrition and fertilisation (N, P, K) are improved in terms of their bioavailability with the objective that these forms will maintain their quantity and quality at the level required by crops and their supply by fertilisation technologies is ensured rationally and preventively for the soil-plant system. In summary, the analytical results from long-term experiments with fertilisers are of direct benefit to soils, their productivity and fertility, with the implementation of sustainability principles.

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肥料基本肥力变化的长期试验

本文介绍了在20年的固定系统和小麦-玉米-大豆轮作系统中施用NP、NPK和有机矿物肥料的长期实验样品的土壤分析数据及其解释。结果表明，NP施肥（来自硝酸铵和过磷酸钙）会导致土壤酸化（无论土壤类型如何），这取决于氮a.i/ha的增加。在典型的preluvosol（分类酸性土壤）中，由于吸附（潜在）酸性的激活和Al离子的溶解，以及吸附复合物的挥发，酸化现象更高，这更新了这种土壤对通过钙改良剂校正反应（pH）的需要。相反，对于中性-弱碱性pH值、较高腐殖质%和较高缓冲能力的冲积软土，N引起的多年酸化减少。在小麦-玉米-大豆轮作的情况下，平衡剂量的NP、NPK矿物施肥可以在20年的时间内将有机碳和腐殖质含量保持恒定、平衡，在土壤类型的特定限制范围内。相比之下，改良和处理传统的集约耕作（玉米）会降低这些指标的含量，这一现象可归因于土壤有机成分的矿化增强。有机和有机矿物施肥可以对腐殖质含量进行有利的建模。营养和施肥必需元素（N、P、K）的流动形式在生物利用度方面得到了改善，目的是使这些形式的数量和质量保持在作物所需的水平，并通过施肥技术为土壤-植物系统合理和预防地确保其供应。总之，随着可持续性原则的实施，长期化肥试验的分析结果对土壤、生产力和肥力有直接好处。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-napoca PLANT SCIENCES-

CiteScore

2.70

自引率

0.00%

发文量

118

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca is a peer-reviewed biannual journal aimed at disseminating significant research and original papers, critical reviews and short reviews. The subjects refer on plant biodiversity, genetics and plant breeding, development of new methodologies that can be of interest to a wide audience of plant scientists in all areas of plant biology, agriculture, horticulture and forestry. The journal encourages authors to frame their research questions and discuss their results in terms of the major questions of plant sciences, thereby maximizing the impact and value of their research, and thus in favor of spreading their studies outcome. The papers must be of potential interest to a significant number of scientists and, if specific to a local situation, must be relevant to a wide body of knowledge in life sciences. Articles should make a significant contribution to the advancement of knowledge or toward a better understanding of existing biological and agricultural concepts. An international Editorial Board advises the journal. The total content of the journal may be used for educational, non-profit purposes without regard to copyright. The distribution of the material is encouraged with the condition that the authors and the source (Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca or JCR abbrev. title Not Bot Horti Agrobo) are mentioned.