A peculiar specimen of Panochthus (Xenarthra, Glyptodontidae) from the Eastern Cordillera, Bolivia

IF 0.9 4区地球科学 Q3 GEOLOGY

Andean Geology Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI:10.5027/andgeov50n1-3449

Francisco Cuadrelli, M. Zamorano, D. Barasoain, F. Anaya, A. Zurita

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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Panochthus Burmeister is one of the most diversified and widely distributed glyptodonts in the Pleistocene of South America, which includes areas located at high altitudes (>4,000 m a.s.l.). Within the genus, eight species (P. intermedius Lydekker, P. subintermedius Castellanos, P. tuberculatus (Owen), P. frenzelianus Ameghino, P. greslebini Castellanos, P. jaguaribensis Moreira, P. hipsilis Zurita, Zamorano, Scillato-Yané, Fidel, Iriondo and Gillette, and P. florensis Brambilla, López and Parent) are currently recognized. Here, we report a dorsal carapace (UATF-V n/n) from the Pleistocene of the surroundings of Potosí, Bolivia, that shows some morphological particularities when compared to the carapace of P. intermedius, P. frenzelianus, P. subintermedius and P. tuberculatus, including: a) its maximum dorso-ventral diameter is at the anterior half, meanwhile in other species is at mid-point (e.g., Propalaehoplophorus) or at posterior half (e.g., Glyptodon); b) the dorsal profile is different in comparison to other glyptodonts (e.g., Glyptodon, Glyptotherium, Neosclerocalyptus, Propalaehoplophorus); c) the ornamentation pattern of the osteoderms shows a central figure surrounded by small polygonal figures along the most exposed surface of the carapace (except for the mid-dorsal region that shows reticular ornamentation pattern), being different from that of the remaining species: of Panochthus, in which central figures are limited to the caudal/cephalic and most lateral regions of the carapace. In summary, the combination of characters suggests that it could belong to a new species or, alternatively, to P. floriensis or P. jaguaribensis in which the dorsal carapace is not yet known. The phylogenetic analysis confirms its basal position among Panochthus and highlights the importance of these high elevation areas of the Andes in South America in order to understand the complex evolutionary history of glyptodonts.

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玻利维亚东科迪勒拉的一个特殊的Panochthus标本（异齿目，Glyptodontidae）

Panochthus Burmeister是南美洲更新世最多样化、分布最广泛的glyptodon之一，包括高海拔地区（海拔4000米以上）。属内有八个物种（P.intermediaus Lydekker、P.subintermediaus Castellanos、P.tuberculatus（Owen）、P.frenzelianus Ameghino、P.greslebini Castellanos和P.jaguaribensis Moreira），P.hipsilis Zurita、Zamorano、Scillato Yané、Fidel、Iriondo和Gillette，以及P.florensis Brambilla、López和Parent）目前获得认可。在这里，我们报道了玻利维亚波托西周围更新世的背甲（UATF-V n/n），与中间P.intermediaus、frenzelianus、亚中间P.subintermediaus和结核P.tuberculatus的背甲相比，该背甲显示出一些形态特征，包括：a）其最大背腹直径在前半部分，同时在其他物种中处于中点（例如，Propalaehoplophorus）或后半部分（例如，Glyptodon）；b）与其他Glyptodon（例如Glyptodon、Glypthotherium、Neoscledcalyptus、Propalaehoplophorus）相比，背侧轮廓不同；c）骨皮动物的装饰图案显示了一个中心图形，沿着甲壳最裸露的表面（除了显示网状装饰图案的中背区域），被小多边形图形包围，这与其他物种的不同：Panochthus，其中中心图形仅限于背甲的尾部/头部和最外侧区域。总之，这些特征的组合表明，它可能属于一个新的物种，或者属于P.floriensis或P.jaguaribensis，其中背甲尚不清楚。系统发育分析证实了其在Panochthus中的基础地位，并强调了南美洲安第斯山脉这些高海拔地区的重要性，以了解glyptodon的复杂进化史。

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来源期刊

Andean Geology 地学-地质学

CiteScore

3.90

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： This journal publishes original and review articles on geology and related sciences, in Spanish or English, in three issues a year (January, May and September). Articles or notes on major topics of broad interest in Earth Sciences dealing with the geology of South and Central America and Antarctica, and particularly of the Andes, are welcomed. The journal is interested in publishing thematic sets of papers and accepts articles dealing with systematic Paleontology only if their main focus is the chronostratigraphical, paleoecological and/or paleogeographical importance of the taxa described therein.