THE SOUND CORRESPONDENCE OF TEOCHEW, HAKKA, AND CANTONESE

Sherly Novita, D. Widayati, B. Tarigan
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Abstract

This research is based on a theory in Historical Comparative Linguistics. This theory is also called a diachronic theory, which involves the analysis of the form and regularity of changes in common languages such as those accompanied by sound changes. The objects of the research are Teochew (TC), Hakka (HK), and Cantonese (CO) dialects used in Medan city. These three dialects are categorized into the Sino-Tibetan family. Sino-Tibetan (ST) as one of the largest language families in the world, with more first-language speakers than even Indo-Europeans, is having more than 1.1 billion speakers of Sinitic (the Chinese dialects) constitute the world's largest speech community. According to STEDT (Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus), Chinese is considered as a Sino-Tibetan language family. The research method used is the qualitative method. The data collection method and technique used to refer to the conversation method with the techniques of recording and writing. The data were analyzed using the qualitative method of glottochronology. The result of the research shows that TC, HK, and CO were related in terms of sound correspondences and were separated thousands of years ago. TC and HK were related and both corresponded identically one similar vowel, one similar consonant, and one different phoneme, and one similar syllable. TC and CO were related and both corresponded to one similar vowel, one similar vocalic cluster, one similar consonant, and one different phoneme, and one similar syllable. HK and CO were related and both corresponded identically, one similar vowel, one similar consonant, one different phoneme, one different vocalic cluster, and one similar syllable. From all the findings and discussion in this research, the writer has concluded that HK and CO are the closest dialects among the three compared dialects.
潮州话、客家话和广东话的语音对应
本研究以历史比较语言学中的一个理论为基础。这一理论也被称为历时理论,它涉及对普通语言变化的形式和规律的分析,例如伴随声音变化的语言。研究对象为棉兰市使用的潮州方言、客家方言和广东方言。这三种方言都属于汉藏语系。汉藏语系(ST)作为世界上最大的语系之一,其第一语言使用者甚至超过印欧语系,拥有超过11亿的汉语使用者(中国方言),构成了世界上最大的语言社区。根据《汉藏语源辞典》,汉语被认为是汉藏语系。研究方法采用定性方法。数据收集的方法和技术,指的是与记录和书写技术相结合的对话方法。采用声门年代学定性方法对数据进行分析。研究结果表明,TC、HK、CO具有较强的对应性,早在数千年前就已分离。TC和HK是相关的,它们都对应一个相似的元音,一个相似的辅音,一个不同的音素和一个相似的音节。TC和CO是相关的,它们都对应一个相似的元音,一个相似的元音簇,一个相似的辅音,一个不同的音素和一个相似的音节。“HK”和“CO”是相互关联的,并且两者的对应是相同的,一个相似的元音,一个相似的辅音,一个不同的音素,一个不同的声团和一个相似的音节。从本研究的所有发现和讨论中,笔者得出结论,香港和CO是三种比较方言中最接近的方言。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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