Protecting and restoring habitats to benefit freshwater biodiversity

IF 4.3 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
M. Piczak, Denielle M. Perry, S. Cooke, I. Harrison, Silvia Benítez, A. A. Koning, Li Peng, P. Limbu, K. Smokorowski, S. Salinas-Rodríguez, J. Koehn, I. Creed
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Freshwater biodiversity is under great threat across the globe as evidenced by more severe declines relative to other types of ecosystems. One of the main stressors responsible for these concerning trends is habitat fragmentation, degradation, and loss stemming from anthropogenic activities including energy production, urbanization, agriculture, and resource extraction. Habitat protection and restoration both play an integral role in efforts to save freshwater biodiversity and associated ecosystem services from further decline. In this paper, we summarize the sources of threats associated with habitat fragmentation, degradation, and loss, and then outline response options to protect and restore freshwater habitats. Specific response options are to: legislate the protection of healthy and productive freshwater ecosystems; prioritize habitats for protection and restoration; enact durable protections; conserve habitat in a coordinated and integrated manner; engage in evidence-based restoration using an adaptive management approach; ensure that potential freshwater habitat alterations are mitigated or off-set; and future-proof protection and restoration actions. Such work should be done through a lens that engages and involves local community members. We identify three broad categories of obstacles that arise during the implementation of the response options outlined: a) scientific (e.g., inaccessible data or uncertainties), b) institutional and management (e.g., capacity issues or differing goals across agencies), and c) social and political (e.g., prioritizing economic development over conservation initiatives). The protection and restoration of habitats is key to bending the curve for freshwater biodiversity, with a comprehensive, connected, and coordinated effort of response options needed to protect intact habitats and restore fragmented, degraded, and lost habitats and the biodiversity and ecosystem services that they support.
保护和恢复栖息地,造福淡水生物多样性
淡水生物多样性在全球范围内受到巨大威胁,与其他类型的生态系统相比,这种威胁更加严重。造成这些令人担忧的趋势的主要压力之一是人类活动造成的栖息地破碎化、退化和损失,包括能源生产、城市化、农业和资源开采。栖息地保护和恢复在努力保护淡水生物多样性和相关生态系统服务不进一步减少方面都发挥着不可或缺的作用。在本文中,我们总结了与栖息地破碎化、退化和丧失相关的威胁来源,然后概述了保护和恢复淡水栖息地的应对方案。具体的应对办法是:立法保护健康和多产的淡水生态系统;优先保护和恢复栖息地;制定持久的保护措施;以协调和综合的方式保护栖息地;采用适应性管理方法进行循证修复;确保潜在的淡水栖息地变化得到缓解或抵消;以及经得起未来考验的保护和恢复行动。这样的工作应该通过吸引和参与当地社区成员的视角来完成。我们确定了在实施所概述的应对方案过程中出现的三大类障碍:a)科学(例如,无法获取的数据或不确定性),b)体制和管理(例如,能力问题或各机构的不同目标),以及c)社会和政治(例如,将经济发展置于保护举措之上)。栖息地的保护和恢复是扭转淡水生物多样性曲线的关键,需要全面、连贯和协调的应对措施,以保护完整的栖息地,恢复支离破碎、退化和失去的栖息地及其支持的生物多样性和生态系统服务。
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来源期刊
Environmental Reviews
Environmental Reviews 环境科学-环境科学
自引率
3.50%
发文量
45
期刊介绍: Published since 1993, Environmental Reviews is a quarterly journal that presents authoritative literature reviews on a wide range of environmental science and associated environmental studies topics, with emphasis on the effects on and response of both natural and manmade ecosystems to anthropogenic stress. The authorship and scope are international, with critical literature reviews submitted and invited on such topics as sustainability, water supply management, climate change, harvesting impacts, acid rain, pesticide use, lake acidification, air and marine pollution, oil and gas development, biological control, food chain biomagnification, rehabilitation of polluted aquatic systems, erosion, forestry, bio-indicators of environmental stress, conservation of biodiversity, and many other environmental issues.
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