Memories of Discipline in Soviet Lithuania: Stories in Oral History

Jogilė Ulinskaitė
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Abstract

Abstract Totalitarian regimes attempt to restrict and control virtually every aspect of human life. Interestingly, conscious reflection on disciplinary practises takes up only a small part of the life-stories of interviewed Lithuanians, as far as the memory of the post-Stalin era is concerned. The interviews that form the foundation for this paper were conducted during the summer of 2017 in three different districts in Lithuania. The article aims to answer the following two research questions: 1) Which mechanisms of discipline did people recognize and reflect upon? 2) How were disciplinary actions remembered and described? According to interviews, tangible individuals filled the role of disciplinarians in schools and workplaces. In addition, the responsibility for discipline and control lies within the imperceptible disciplinarian, supplemented by the invisible discipline of the collective. This led to overwhelming uncertainty in the society, where people invoked intuition and interpretations of who is trustworthy to adapt to uncertain situations. The greatest impact of the totalitarian discipline was that people effectively internalized it and consequently became their own most significant disciplinarians.
苏维埃立陶宛的纪律记忆:口述历史中的故事
极权主义政权试图限制和控制人类生活的方方面面。有趣的是,就后斯大林时代的记忆而言,在接受采访的立陶宛人的生活故事中,有意识地反思纪律做法只占一小部分。本文的基础访谈是2017年夏天在立陶宛的三个不同地区进行的。本文旨在回答以下两个研究问题:1)人们认识和反思了哪些学科机制?2)如何记住和描述纪律处分?根据采访,有形的个人在学校和工作场所扮演着纪律制定者的角色。此外,纪律和控制的责任在于无形的纪律制定者,辅以无形的集体纪律。这导致了社会中压倒性的不确定性,人们依靠直觉和对谁值得信赖的解释来适应不确定的情况。极权主义纪律的最大影响是人们有效地将其内化,从而成为他们自己最重要的纪律主义者。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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