Running as a Woman (or Man): A Review of Research on Political Communicators and Gender Stereotypes

IF 6.3 Q1 COMMUNICATION
K. Winfrey, James M. Schnoebelen
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引用次数: 9

Abstract

Women gained the right to vote nearly 100 years ago, but it was not until 1980 that political scholars and practitioners began paying much attention to the role of women in elections and it was the so-called “Year of the Woman” in 1992 that sparked increased scholarly attention on women as political communicators. A record number of women, 117, ran for the U.S. Congress in 1992, but the number of women running and serving has been slow to increases since that time. One reason may be the unique challenges gender poses for female political communicators. Over three decades of research has proven gender stereotypes and expectations play a key role in how women (and men) communicate with voters. This review of research summarizes major findings and changes in gender and political communication research over the past three decades. Our focus is on communication by candidates and how gender shapes that communication. In all, 119 scholarly sources were reviewed; these sources included scholarly journals from related disciplines as well as books. Gender stereotypes in political communication have also been studied using a variety of methodologies, and to reflect that the research reviewed in this essay include both quantitative and qualitative methods. This summary of existing research includes a discussion of the gender stereotypes faced by candidates and how candidates present themselves to the public in light of these stereotypes.
以女性(或男性)身份参选:政治传播者与性别刻板印象研究综述
近100年前,妇女获得了选举权,但直到1980年,政治学者和从业者才开始高度关注妇女在选举中的作用,1992年的所谓“妇女年”引发了学术界对妇女作为政治传播者的更多关注。1992年,117名女性竞选美国国会议员,创下了历史新高,但自那时以来,竞选和任职的女性人数增长缓慢。其中一个原因可能是性别对女性政治传播者构成的独特挑战。三十多年的研究证明,性别陈规定型观念和期望在女性(和男性)与选民沟通的方式中发挥着关键作用。这篇研究综述总结了过去三十年来性别和政治传播研究的主要发现和变化。我们的重点是候选人的沟通以及性别如何影响沟通。总共审查了119个学术来源;这些资料包括相关学科的学术期刊以及书籍。政治传播中的性别刻板印象也使用了各种方法进行了研究,以反映本文所回顾的研究包括定量和定性方法。现有研究的摘要包括对候选人面临的性别陈规定型观念的讨论,以及候选人如何根据这些陈规定型观念向公众展示自己。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
4
审稿时长
16 weeks
期刊介绍: Review of Communication Research will publish an annual volume with comprehensive and authoritative reviews of the current state of the main topics and the most significant developments in the field of Communication. These comprehensive critical reviews will summarize the latest advances in the field, but also will root out errors and will provoke intellectual discussions among scholars. The journal seeks both evaluative (theorical) and quantitative (meta-analysis) papers that make a state of the art of issues in scientific communication. Integrative review articles that connect different areas of research are of special interest.
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