{"title":"Neurodegenerative disease and microbiota","authors":"O. Akpınar","doi":"10.37212/jcnos.610095","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Evidence suggests that intestinal microbiota, especially in the case of dysbiosis, may affect the progression of neurological diseases and may even lead to the formation of the disease. It has been realized that decreasing diversity in aging gut of the microbiota may be an important factor in the development of neurodegeneration. Neuroinflammation is one of the major mechanisms that associate microbiota with agerelated diseases. Intestinal microbiota; plays a key role in the activation of microglia and it is suggested that manipulation of intestinal microbiota, especially with short chain fatty acid producing bacteria, may modulate neuroimmun activation (Westfall et al. 2017). On the clinical and scientific level, most neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Disease related pathology may spread across the nervous system in a self-propagative fashion. Importantly, there is a strong bidirectional interaction between gut microbiota and the central nervous system, a connection recently termed the “microbiota-gut-brainaxis” (Jiang et al. 2017; Houser and Tansey, 2017). While the effects of the autonomic nervous system on gut physiology have been known for a long time, we are just beginning to understand that gut microbiota has strong effects on CNS physiology as well. The vast number of ways through which gut microbiota affects the host shows intriguing overlaps with pathways previously implicated in neurodegeneration. Although evidence for involvement of microbiota in neurodegenerative diseases is still very preliminary, initial findings are extremely promising (Zhu et al. 2017). This presentation will give an overview of recent findings regarding the connections between gutmicrobiota and neurodegenerative disorders and how this may reshape our understanding of these diseases.","PeriodicalId":37782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cellular Neuroscience and Oxidative Stress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2018-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Cellular Neuroscience and Oxidative Stress","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.37212/jcnos.610095","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Evidence suggests that intestinal microbiota, especially in the case of dysbiosis, may affect the progression of neurological diseases and may even lead to the formation of the disease. It has been realized that decreasing diversity in aging gut of the microbiota may be an important factor in the development of neurodegeneration. Neuroinflammation is one of the major mechanisms that associate microbiota with agerelated diseases. Intestinal microbiota; plays a key role in the activation of microglia and it is suggested that manipulation of intestinal microbiota, especially with short chain fatty acid producing bacteria, may modulate neuroimmun activation (Westfall et al. 2017). On the clinical and scientific level, most neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Disease related pathology may spread across the nervous system in a self-propagative fashion. Importantly, there is a strong bidirectional interaction between gut microbiota and the central nervous system, a connection recently termed the “microbiota-gut-brainaxis” (Jiang et al. 2017; Houser and Tansey, 2017). While the effects of the autonomic nervous system on gut physiology have been known for a long time, we are just beginning to understand that gut microbiota has strong effects on CNS physiology as well. The vast number of ways through which gut microbiota affects the host shows intriguing overlaps with pathways previously implicated in neurodegeneration. Although evidence for involvement of microbiota in neurodegenerative diseases is still very preliminary, initial findings are extremely promising (Zhu et al. 2017). This presentation will give an overview of recent findings regarding the connections between gutmicrobiota and neurodegenerative disorders and how this may reshape our understanding of these diseases.
有证据表明,肠道微生物群,尤其是在微生态失调的情况下,可能会影响神经系统疾病的进展,甚至可能导致疾病的形成。人们已经意识到,衰老肠道微生物群多样性的降低可能是神经退行性变发展的一个重要因素。神经炎症是将微生物群与年龄相关疾病联系起来的主要机制之一。肠道微生物群;在小胶质细胞的激活中起着关键作用,有人认为,对肠道微生物群的操纵,特别是对产生短链脂肪酸的细菌的操纵,可能会调节神经免疫的激活(Westfall等人,2017)。在临床和科学层面上,大多数神经退行性疾病,如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和肌萎缩侧索硬化症。与疾病相关的病理学可能以自我传播的方式在整个神经系统中传播。重要的是,肠道微生物群和中枢神经系统之间存在强烈的双向相互作用,这种联系最近被称为“微生物群-肠-脑轴”(Jiang et al.2017;Houser和Tansey,2017)。虽然自主神经系统对肠道生理学的影响已经知道很长时间了,但我们才刚刚开始了解肠道微生物群对中枢神经系统生理学也有很强的影响。肠道微生物群影响宿主的大量途径与以前涉及神经退行性变的途径有着有趣的重叠。尽管微生物群参与神经退行性疾病的证据仍然非常初步,但初步发现非常有希望(Zhu等人,2017)。本报告将概述有关骨微生物群与神经退行性疾病之间联系的最新发现,以及这可能如何重塑我们对这些疾病的理解。
期刊介绍:
Journal of Cellular Neuroscience and Oxidative Stress isan online journal that publishes original research articles, reviews and short reviews on themolecular basisofbiophysical,physiological and pharmacological processes thatregulate cellular function, and the control or alteration of these processesby theaction of receptors, neurotransmitters, second messengers, cation, anions,drugsor disease. Areas of particular interest are four topics. They are; 1. Ion Channels (Na+-K+Channels, Cl– channels, Ca2+channels, ADP-Ribose and metabolism of NAD+,Patch-Clamp applications) 2. Oxidative Stress (Antioxidant vitamins, antioxidant enzymes, metabolism of nitric oxide, oxidative stress, biophysics, biochemistry and physiology of free oxygen radicals) 3. Interaction Between Oxidative Stress and Ion Channels in Neuroscience (Effects of the oxidative stress on the activation of the voltage sensitive cation channels, effect of ADP-Ribose and NAD+ on activation of the cation channels which are sensitive to voltage, effect of the oxidative stress on activation of the TRP channels in neurodegenerative diseases such Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases) 4. Gene and Oxidative Stress (Gene abnormalities. Interaction between gene and free radicals. Gene anomalies and iron. Role of radiation and cancer on gene polymorphism)