{"title":"La gobernanza de la inteligencia artificial: contexto y parámetros generales","authors":"M. Carrillo","doi":"10.17103/reei.39.07","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"espanolLa inteligencia artificial (IA) se ha convertido en objeto de un amplio y controvertido debate. El analisis de ese debate muestra que existe un problema conceptual, por la ausencia de acuerdo sobre la definicion de la IA, y un problema funcional derivado de la relevancia asignada en el mismo a los componentes tecnicos, eticos y juridicos. Hay una clara prevalencia de los primeros, una insistente invocacion de los segundos y una escasa atencion al discurso juridico. En principio, juridicamente, hay que distinguir dos cuestiones: por una parte, la aplicacion de la IA al estudio y la practica del derecho y, por otra, la regulacion de la IA. El modelo de regulacion de la IA se plantea desde diferentes perspectivas metodologicas que confirman la necesidad de adoptar un enfoque proactivo y abierto, no formalista, para la organizacion de su gobernanza. El estudio de la practica muestra que son muy pocos los Estados que han adoptado estrategias o planes de accion en la materia y, en el marco internacional, la mayoria de las iniciativas estan localizadas en organizaciones o foros regionales o interregionales participados por paises tecnologicamente desarrollados. El ordenamiento juridico internacional ha de activar mecanismos de respuesta de alcance universal frente a esa situacion y al desafio global que implica la gobernanza de la IA. EnglishArtificial intelligence (AI) has become the subject of a wide-ranging and controversial debate. The analysis of the debate shows two main problems: the conceptual problem arises from the absence of agreement on the definition of AI; and the functional problem derives from the different relevance given to the technical, ethical and legal components. There is a clear prevalence of the former, an insistent invocation of ethical aspects and little attention to legal discourse. From a legal standpoint, two issues must be distinguished: the application of AI to the study and practice of law and the regulation of AI. The model of AI regulation is approached from different methodological perspectives that confirm the need to adopt a proactive and open, non-formalist approach to the organisation of its governance. The study of practice shows, however, that very few States have adopted strategies or action plans in this area. In the international framework, most of the initiatives are located in organizations or forums participated by technologically developed countries. The international legal system must activate universal mechanisms, norms and procedures to respond to this situation and to the global challenge of AI governance","PeriodicalId":40338,"journal":{"name":"Revista Electronica de Estudios Internacionales","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2000,"publicationDate":"2020-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"3","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Revista Electronica de Estudios Internacionales","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.17103/reei.39.07","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"LAW","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Abstract
espanolLa inteligencia artificial (IA) se ha convertido en objeto de un amplio y controvertido debate. El analisis de ese debate muestra que existe un problema conceptual, por la ausencia de acuerdo sobre la definicion de la IA, y un problema funcional derivado de la relevancia asignada en el mismo a los componentes tecnicos, eticos y juridicos. Hay una clara prevalencia de los primeros, una insistente invocacion de los segundos y una escasa atencion al discurso juridico. En principio, juridicamente, hay que distinguir dos cuestiones: por una parte, la aplicacion de la IA al estudio y la practica del derecho y, por otra, la regulacion de la IA. El modelo de regulacion de la IA se plantea desde diferentes perspectivas metodologicas que confirman la necesidad de adoptar un enfoque proactivo y abierto, no formalista, para la organizacion de su gobernanza. El estudio de la practica muestra que son muy pocos los Estados que han adoptado estrategias o planes de accion en la materia y, en el marco internacional, la mayoria de las iniciativas estan localizadas en organizaciones o foros regionales o interregionales participados por paises tecnologicamente desarrollados. El ordenamiento juridico internacional ha de activar mecanismos de respuesta de alcance universal frente a esa situacion y al desafio global que implica la gobernanza de la IA. EnglishArtificial intelligence (AI) has become the subject of a wide-ranging and controversial debate. The analysis of the debate shows two main problems: the conceptual problem arises from the absence of agreement on the definition of AI; and the functional problem derives from the different relevance given to the technical, ethical and legal components. There is a clear prevalence of the former, an insistent invocation of ethical aspects and little attention to legal discourse. From a legal standpoint, two issues must be distinguished: the application of AI to the study and practice of law and the regulation of AI. The model of AI regulation is approached from different methodological perspectives that confirm the need to adopt a proactive and open, non-formalist approach to the organisation of its governance. The study of practice shows, however, that very few States have adopted strategies or action plans in this area. In the international framework, most of the initiatives are located in organizations or forums participated by technologically developed countries. The international legal system must activate universal mechanisms, norms and procedures to respond to this situation and to the global challenge of AI governance