Exploring the Type and Impact of Memorable Hate Messages and Identity Salience on Self-Esteem, Relational Outcomes, and Intergroup Biases

Abstract

ABSTRACT Using a social identity theory framework, the present study offers a typology of memorable hate messages from 170 college-aged students. The memorable hate messages focused on racism, body, gender/sexism, homophobia, religion/anti-religious group, poverty/classism, ability, organizational-affiliation, and politicians/political ideologies. Additionally, the relationships between memorable hate messages, personal characteristics, relational outcomes, identity salience, and intergroup biases are explored. Future research and limitations are also discussed.