Systemic Innovation of Complex One-off Products: The Case of Green Buildings

4区 管理学 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance
R. Katila, R. Levitt, D. Sheffer
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引用次数: 9

Abstract

The authors provide new quantitative evidence of the relationship between technologies and organizational design in the context of complex one-off products. The systems that produce complex, one-off products in mature, fragmented industries such as construction lack many of the typical organizational features that researchers have deemed critical to product development success (e.g., team familiarity, frequent communication, and strong leadership). In contrast, the complexity of these products requires a diverse knowledge base that is rarely found within a single firm. The one-off nature of construction’s products further requires improvization and development by a distributed network of highly specialized teams. And because the product is complex, significant innovations in the end product require systemic shifts in the product architecture. Riitta Katila, Raymond E. Levitt and Dana Sheffer use an original, hand-collected dataset of the design and construction of 112 energy-efficient “green” buildings in the United States, combined with in-depth fieldwork, to study these questions. A key conclusion is that the mature US construction industry, with its particularly fragmented supply chain, is not well suited to implementing “systemic innovations” that require coordination across trades or stages of the project. However, project integration across specialists with the highest levels of interdependence (i.e., craft, contract integration) mitigates the knowledge and coordination problems. There are implications for research on how technology shapes organizations (and particularly how organizations shape technology), and on the supply chain configuration strategies of firms in the construction industry as well as building owners who are seeking to build the best buildings possible within their budgets.
复杂一次性产品的系统创新——以绿色建筑为例
作者在复杂的一次性产品的背景下,为技术和组织设计之间的关系提供了新的定量证据。在建筑等成熟、分散的行业中生产复杂、一次性产品的系统缺乏研究人员认为对产品开发成功至关重要的许多典型组织特征(例如,团队熟悉度、频繁沟通和强大的领导力)。相比之下,这些产品的复杂性需要一个多样化的知识库,而在一家公司中很少能找到这种知识库。建筑产品的一次性性质进一步要求由高度专业化的团队组成的分布式网络进行即兴创作和开发。由于产品很复杂,最终产品的重大创新需要产品架构的系统性转变。Riitta Katila、Raymond E.Levitt和Dana Sheffer使用手工收集的美国112栋节能“绿色”建筑的设计和施工原始数据集,结合深入的实地调查,来研究这些问题。一个关键结论是,成熟的美国建筑业,其供应链特别分散,不太适合实施需要跨行业或项目阶段协调的“系统性创新”。然而,具有最高相互依存度的专家之间的项目集成(即工艺、合同集成)缓解了知识和协调问题。这对研究技术如何塑造组织(尤其是组织如何塑造技术),以及建筑业公司的供应链配置策略,以及寻求在预算内建造尽可能最好的建筑的建筑业主都有意义。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
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期刊介绍: Advances in Strategic Management is dedicated to communicating innovative, new research that advances theory and practice in Strategic Management. The domain of the series encompasses, but is not limited to, corporate and business unit strategy, strategic organization and process, alliances and networks, and competitive dynamics. The series is committed to expanding the scope of Strategic Management theory and analysis and enriching practice by: -Encouraging multitheoretical approaches that span multiple social science disciplines -Welcoming papers using a diversity of innovative research methods -Creating focused volumes that explore in depth promising new research directions, consolidate research streams, and address significant current theoretical and practical problems.
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