Re-Thinking the Roles of Pathogens and Mutualists: Exploring the Continuum of Symbiosis in the Context of Microbial Ecology and Evolution

IF 3.3 3区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY
Ashley Stengel, R. Drijber, Erin C. Carr, Thais Egreja, Edward Hillman, Timothy Krause, Samantha Reese, J. Herr
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引用次数: 4

Abstract

Systems of classification are important for guiding research activities and providing a common platform for discussion and investigation. One such system is assigning microbial taxa to the roles of mutualists and pathogens. Yet, there are often challenges and even inconsistencies in reports of research findings when microbial taxa display behaviors outside of these two static conditions (e.g. commensal). Over the last two decades, there has been some effort to highlight a continuum of symbiosis, wherein certain microbial taxa may exhibit mutualistic or pathogenic traits depending on environmental contexts, life stages, and plant host associations. However, gaps remain in understanding how to apply the continuum approach to host-microbe pairs across a range of environmental and ecological factors. This commentary presents an alternative framework for evaluating the continuum of symbiosis using dominant archetypes that define symbiotic ranges. We focus particularly on fungi and bacteria, though we recognize that archaea and other microeukaryotes play important roles in host-microbe interactions that may be described by this approach. This framework is centered in eco-evolutionary theory and aims to enhance communication among researchers, as well as prioritize holistic consideration of the factors shaping microbial life strategies. We discuss the influence of plant-mediated factors, habitat constraints, co-evolutionary forces, and the genetic contributions which shape different microbial lifestyles. Looking to the future, using a continuum of symbiosis paradigm will enable greater flexibility in defining the roles of target microbes and facilitate a more holistic view of the complex and dynamic relationship between microbes and plants.
重新思考病原体和共生者的角色:在微生物生态和进化的背景下探索共生的连续性
分类系统对于指导研究活动和提供一个共同的讨论和调查平台非常重要。一个这样的系统是将微生物分类群分配给共生菌和病原体的角色。然而,当微生物类群表现出这两种静态条件之外的行为(例如共生)时,研究结果的报告往往存在挑战,甚至不一致。在过去的二十年里,人们一直在努力强调共生的连续性,其中某些微生物类群可能表现出互惠或致病的特征,这取决于环境背景、生命阶段和植物-宿主协会。然而,在理解如何将连续体方法应用于一系列环境和生态因素中的宿主-微生物对方面仍然存在差距。这篇评论提供了一个替代框架,用于使用定义共生范围的主导原型来评估共生的连续体。我们特别关注真菌和细菌,尽管我们认识到古菌和其他微孢子菌在宿主-微生物相互作用中发挥着重要作用,这可以用这种方法来描述。该框架以生态进化理论为中心,旨在加强研究人员之间的沟通,并优先考虑影响微生物生命策略的因素。我们讨论了植物介导的因素、栖息地限制、共同进化力以及塑造不同微生物生活方式的遗传贡献的影响。展望未来,使用共生范式的连续体将使定义目标微生物的作用具有更大的灵活性,并有助于对微生物和植物之间复杂而动态的关系有一个更全面的看法。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.40
自引率
6.80%
发文量
42
审稿时长
4 weeks
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