Pediatric Endocrinology: Global Spread of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Neonatal and Permanent Treatment Using Sulfonylurea Drug Regimen Glibenclamide

Abstract

Pediatric endocrinology is a medical subspecialty dealing with disorders of the endocrine glands, such as variations of physical growth and sexual development in childhood, diabetes and many more. Permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM) is a rare form of diabetes characterized by insulin-requiring hyperglycemia that is diagnosed within the first months of life.Type 2 diabetes mellitus is emerging as a new clinical problem within pediatric practice. Aim of the Study An explosion of work over the last decade has produced insight into the multiple hereditary causes of a non-immunological form of diabetes diagnosed most frequently within the first 6 months of life. These studies are providing increased understanding of genes involved in the entire chain of steps that control glucose homeostasis. Neonatal diabetes is now understood to arise from mutations in genes that play critical roles in the development of the pancreas, of β-cell apoptosis and insulin processing, as well as the regulation of insulin release.