Assessment of the main factors affecting goat milk yield and composition in the North West region of Tunisia

IF 1.1 4区农林科学 Q3 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Mljekarstvo Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI:10.15567/mljekarstvo.2023.0204

Hichem Khemiri

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Abstract

This study aimed to assess the main factors affecting goat milk yield and composition from the Northwest region of Tunisia. A survey and a sampling campaign were conducted over four months (February-May, 2018), within 112 farms in 3 regions. Individual daily milk yield (DMY) was registered and milk samples were taken in duplicate to be analysed for fat (FC), protein (PC), solid not fat (SNF), density and lactose contents. Results showed that the Alpine breed allowed the highest DMY and PC, and the Damasquine presented the highest FC. The third lactation allowed the highest DMY (0.95 Lday-1) and FC (6.68%), however the highest PC, SNF and density are recorded for primiparous. Concerning the birth weight of kids, DMY increased significantly with the weight of the kids at birth, and it resulted in a significant effect on the FC. The assessment of the region effect showed that the highest DMY was obtained in the region of Jendouba and Ghardimaou. For milk composition, when breed effect was eliminated and focused only on the local breed, we found the highest FC in Sedjnen/Nefza. The analysis of the goat feeding allowed identifying 5 types of rations. Also, statistical analysis showed that the highest DMY resulted from the rations T4 and T5 (averaged 1.06 Lday-1). No effect of ration type on FC and density was found. Concerning PC, SNF and lactose, the ration effect had no significant effect, but a trend of highest values was noted for T3. It was concluded that dairy performances were low, focusing only on the local goat population. However, the produced milk is of good quality regarding the determined chemical composition. Indeed, there is a negative correlation between milk production and the chemical composition of milk. Substantial improvements are potentially possible through actions (improvement of the quality of the ration, milk hygiene, milk collection pattern, training of breeders, etc) to develop a value chain in the region and improve farmer incomes.

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突尼斯西北地区影响山羊奶产量和成分的主要因素评估

本研究旨在评估影响突尼斯西北地区羊奶产量和成分的主要因素。在三个地区的112个农场进行了为期四个月(2018年2月至5月)的调查和抽样活动。登记个体日产奶量(DMY)，取两份奶样进行脂肪(FC)、蛋白质(PC)、非脂肪固体(SNF)、密度和乳糖含量分析。结果表明，高山品种的DMY和PC最高，大马士革品种的FC最高。哺乳期DMY (0.95 Lday-1)和FC(6.68%)最高，PC、SNF和密度以初产妇最高。在儿童出生体重方面，DMY随着儿童出生体重的增加而显著增加，并对FC产生显著影响。区域效应评价结果表明，Jendouba和Ghardimaou地区的DMY最高。对于乳成分，当排除品种影响并只关注当地品种时，我们发现Sedjnen/Nefza的FC最高。通过对山羊饲料的分析，确定了5种口粮。统计分析表明，T4和T5日粮的DMY最高(平均1.06 Lday-1)。饲料种类对纤维含量和密度没有影响。对于PC、SNF和乳糖，日粮效应无显著影响，但T3有最高的趋势。得出的结论是，产奶性能较低，仅关注当地山羊种群。然而，就所测定的化学成分而言，所生产的牛奶质量良好。事实上，牛奶的产量和牛奶的化学成分是负相关的。通过采取行动(改善口粮质量、牛奶卫生、收集牛奶的模式、培训饲养员等)，在该地区发展价值链并提高农民收入，有可能取得实质性进展。

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来源期刊

Mljekarstvo Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Animal Science and Zoology

CiteScore

1.90

自引率

41.70%

发文量

审稿时长

12 weeks

期刊介绍： Mljekarstvo is an open access, peer-reviewed international quarterly scientific journal. The first issue was published in 1951, by the Croatian Dairy Operators'' Association (today: Croatian Dairy Union, publisher). In a paper at a Union conference held 28 October 1951 in Zagreb it was said: "Our desire is that this magazine does not meet the fate of its predecessors, but that it continues to reflect the creative efforts and to provide guidelines for the producers as well as all other operators employed in the dairy industry." It is our pleasure today to say that wishes of the enthusiasts who attended the conference have come true, and the magazine Mljekarstvo during the last six decades was a reflection of the creative efforts of numerous dairy scientists and experts, and through its texts it served as a guideline in improving production and processing of milk and dairy products. Mljekarstvo has been following all the achievements of the dairy profession in Croatia, and it also gives the short surveys of world achievements. The result of the research of local and foreign scientists and experts always find their place in the magazine Mljekarstvo. It has been edited by our outstanding dairy experts employed at colleges, research institutions and dairy companies.