Effects of Pseudomonas putida and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) with Rhizobium leguminosarum on the management of Meloidogyne incognita and Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi on pea

Abstract

Effects of Pseudomonas putida and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) alone and in combination was observed in plants grown with bacterized seeds with Rhizobium leguminosarum for the management of Meloidogyne incognita and Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi on pea (Pisum sativum). Inoculation of M. incognita and P. syringae pv. pisi alone and both together reduced plant growth, chlorophyll and carotenoid content over uninoculated control. Use of P. putida and ZnO NPs 0.10 ml−1 (foliar spray/seed priming) alone and in combination resulted in a significant increase in plant growth, chlorophyll, and carotenoid in pathogen-inoculated plants. Seed priming with ZnO NPs was better than NPs foliar spray in increasing plant growth, chlorophyll and carotenoid content of plants with pathogens. Use of P. putida plus NPs seed priming was better than its use with foliar spray in increasing plant growth, chlorophyll, and carotenoid. Bacterization with R. leguminosarum caused sufficient root nodulation and nodulation was better in plants with P. putida than in plants with ZnO NPs. Both test pathogens had adverse effect on root nodulation. Blight disease indices, galling, and nematode population were also greatly reduced when P. putida was used with ZnO NPs seed priming.