Between the Ordo and the Frontier: The Struggle to Define an American Lutheran Worship Identity for the Twenty-First Century

IF 0.1 0 RELIGION
A. Perez, V. Larson
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

From the late 1980s through the 1990s, the Church Growth Movement (CGM) was a powerful force among churches, both evangelical and mainline. Within the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA), Community Church of Joy (CCJ) in Glendale, Arizona, was a flagship institution in this regard. With its Senior Pastor Walt Kallestad and Pastor Tim Wright presiding over worship, this community grew to become a megachurch with 10,000þ members at its peak. Following many of the early principles of Church Growth as adopted by pioneers in that field such as Robert Schuller (Crystal Cathedral, Garden Grove, California) and Bill Hybels (Willow Creek Community Church, South Barrington, Illinois), the leaders of CCJ employed sociological principles to target unchurched and unaffiliated Christians in the Phoenix suburbs. Eventually, their growth and prominence precipitated a plethora of books published on topics like evangelism, growth, and church administration. CCJ offered “seeker-sensitive” and other worship opportunities tailored to the felt needs of various constituencies within the target community. By the late 1990s, Pastor Tim Wright and his wife Jan had published multiple resource books on forms of contemporary worship, most notably Contemporary Worship, offering three patterns and forms of worship along a spectrum: “spiritedtraditional” (a blend of “energy and celebration”), “contemporary praise” (contemporary music geared toward believers, but visitor friendly), and “seeker” (contemporary music focused on reaching “un-churched” visitors)—the defining style of Church Growth. Though CCJ was an ELCA congregation, its worship practices had more in common with congregations of the CGM than with historically American Lutheran practice. At the other end of ELCA worship practices, Lutheran scholars concerned with the Liturgical Renewal Movement— Gordon Lathrop and Frank Senn, among others—published monumental works on the theology and history of Christian worship in and beyond the Lutheran tradition in the mid-1990s, holding to the ecumenical four-fold shape of historic and contemporary liturgical practices. The relationship between the CGM and the Charismatic Movement may seem diametrically opposed approaches to worship. On the one hand, the “seeker services” of the CGM eschewed recognizably Christian elements from their spaces and utilized secular musics that avoided speaking about or to God. On the other hand, Charismatic worship practices are often marked by a powerful awareness of God’s presence in worship and are often (but certainly not always) accompanied by the exercise of supernatural, spiritual gifts. It is interesting, therefore, that in the sources we discuss in this essay, forms of Charismatic worship are directly implicated in critiques that
在奥多和边疆之间:为21世纪定义美国路德教会崇拜身份的斗争
从20世纪80年代末到90年代,教会增长运动(CGM)在福音派和主流教会中都是一股强大的力量。在美国福音路德教会(ELCA)中,位于亚利桑那州格伦代尔的喜乐社区教会(CCJ)是这方面的旗舰机构。在主任牧师walter Kallestad和Tim Wright的主持下,这个社区发展成为一个拥有10,000名成员的大型教会。遵循许多早期教会成长的原则,这些原则被该领域的先驱者采用,如罗伯特·舒勒(加州花园林夫的水晶大教堂)和比尔·海贝尔斯(伊利诺伊州南巴灵顿的柳溪社区教堂),CCJ的领导人运用社会学原则来瞄准凤凰城郊区不去教堂和不属于教会的基督徒。最终,他们的成长和突出促成了大量关于传福音、成长和教会管理等主题的书籍出版。CCJ根据目标社区内不同群体的需要,提供“顾及慕道友”及其他敬拜机会。到20世纪90年代末,蒂姆·赖特牧师和他的妻子简出版了多本关于当代敬拜形式的参考书籍,最著名的是当代敬拜,提供了三种敬拜模式和形式:“精神传统”(一种“能量和庆祝”的混合),“当代赞美”(面向信徒的当代音乐,但对游客友好),以及“寻求者”(当代音乐专注于“非教会”游客)——教会成长的定义风格。虽然CCJ是ELCA的会众,但它的崇拜实践与CGM的会众有更多的共同之处,而不是历史上美国路德会的做法。在ELCA崇拜实践的另一端,关注礼仪复兴运动的路德学者——Gordon Lathrop和Frank Senn等人——在20世纪90年代中期发表了关于路德传统内外基督教崇拜的神学和历史的不朽著作,坚持历史和当代礼仪实践的大公四重形态。CGM和灵恩运动之间的关系似乎是截然相反的敬拜方式。一方面,CGM的“寻求者服务”避开了空间中明显的基督教元素,使用了避免谈论上帝或与上帝对话的世俗音乐。另一方面,灵恩敬拜的实践常常以强烈地意识到神在敬拜中的同在为标志,并且常常(但肯定不是总是)伴随着超自然的、属灵恩赐的运用。因此,有趣的是,在我们在这篇文章中讨论的来源中,灵恩崇拜的形式直接牵连到那些
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来源期刊
Liturgy
Liturgy RELIGION-
CiteScore
0.30
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发文量
27
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