How Do Religiosity and National Identity Relate to Cosmopolitanism? An Empirical Study Using Representative Samples in Christian, Muslim, and Buddhist Societies

IF 1.7 2区 哲学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
R. Zhang, James H. Liu, Huajian Cai, S. Mari, X. Qu, Ahmet Suerdam
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

ABSTRACT Cosmopolitan Orientation’s (COS) relationship with personal religiosity, organizational religiosity, and national identity was examined in nationally representative samples from 19 societies (13 mainly Christian, 2 Muslim, and 4 societies with historically Buddhist influences, N = 8740). Multi-group structural equation models found that personal religiosity was a positive and significant predictor of global prosociality (willingness to help others in a global community) overall (b = .18), and in 13 of 19 societies. This relationship was stronger in countries higher on the Human Development Index. National identity was overall a weak and positive predictor of global prosociality (b = .06) and respect for cultural diversity (b = .07), but results were culturally variable. There were negative relationships between national identity and COS indicators in Germany, the UK and USA (countries with active anti-immigration discourses popularized by populist right-wing politicians). Separate analyses for different religious groups found that among Christians, personal religiosity was positively associated with global prosociality, respect for cultural differences, and cultural openness (in that order). Among Buddhists, both personal and organizational religiosity were associated with global prosociality and cultural openness. For the smaller sample of Muslims, the only significant association was the positive link between personal religiosity and global prosociality. Findings support the idea that, contrary to much established literature, there are country-level moderators, but no overall negative relationship between cosmopolitanism and religiosity or national identity at the individual-level across cultures.
宗教信仰和民族认同与世界主义有何关系?基督教、穆斯林和佛教社会代表性样本的实证研究
摘要在来自19个社会(13个主要是基督徒,2个是穆斯林,4个有历史佛教影响的社会,N=8740)的具有全国代表性的样本中,研究了世界主义取向与个人宗教信仰、组织宗教信仰和民族认同的关系。多组结构方程模型发现,个人宗教信仰是全球亲社会性(在全球社区中帮助他人的意愿)的一个积极而重要的预测因素(b=.18),在19个社会中的13个社会中也是如此。在人类发展指数较高的国家,这种关系更加牢固。总体而言,民族认同是全球亲社会性(b=0.6)和尊重文化多样性(b=0.07)的一个弱而积极的预测因素,但结果在文化上是可变的。在德国、英国和美国(民粹主义右翼政客积极宣传反移民言论的国家),国家认同与COS指标之间存在负相关。对不同宗教群体的单独分析发现,在基督徒中,个人宗教信仰与全球亲社会性、对文化差异的尊重和文化开放性(按顺序)呈正相关。在佛教徒中,个人和组织的宗教信仰都与全球亲社会性和文化开放性有关。对于较小的穆斯林样本来说,唯一显著的联系是个人宗教信仰和全球亲社会之间的积极联系。研究结果支持这样一种观点,即与许多公认的文献相反,在不同文化的个人层面上,世界主义与宗教信仰或国家认同之间存在国家层面的调节者,但没有总体的负面关系。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.20
自引率
4.50%
发文量
15
期刊介绍: The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion (IJPR) is devoted to psychological studies of religious processes and phenomena in all religious traditions. This journal provides a means for sustained discussion of psychologically relevant issues that can be examined empirically and concern religion in the most general sense. It presents articles covering a variety of important topics, such as the social psychology of religion, religious development, conversion, religious experience, religion and social attitudes and behavior, religion and mental health, and psychoanalytic and other theoretical interpretations of religion. The journal publishes research reports, brief research reports, commentaries on relevant topical issues, book reviews, and statements addressing articles published in previous issues. The journal may also include a major essay and commentaries, perspective papers of the theory, and articles on the psychology of religion in a specific country.
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