Corona virus disease (COVID-19): Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Therapeutics under trial and Prevention

Abstract

The unforeseeable outbreak of novel coronavirus called Severe Acute Respiratory Disease Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) from Wuhan city of China has become pandemic, associated with great mortality and morbidity across the globe. The virus is transmitted through air droplets from infected person to healthy person. Betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 that shares common relativeness with Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory syndrome (MERS) affects the lungs, which is manifested as pneumonia clinically characterized by; fever, dry cough, shortness of breath and fatigue. Real time-Polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) and Radiological methods such as Computerized Tomography of chest (CT-scan) are the most preferred diagnostic tools. In fact, the CT-scan of chest is considered to be most sensitive, accurate and a rapid diagnostic tool to remove false negative results, and hence stands to be an efficient diagnostic tool for confirming Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) infection. Therefore, RT-PCR along with CT-scan reports help to correctly confirm COVID-19, which in turn are effective in diagnosis, treatment and management of COVID-19 patients. This review aimed to understand the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, therapeutics and preventive measures of COVID-19.