Human Behavior with Mobile Health: Smartphone/ Devices, Apps and Cognition

Abstract

Mobile health, telemedicine and other services are considered part of a telehealth or ehealth spectrum of care. Mobile health mental health options (i.e., smartphones/devices and apps) are part of a broader framework of e-mental health options. Technology usually offers portability for access anytime/anywhere, are relatively inexpensive and have additional features (e.g., context-aware interventions and sensors with real-time feedback). The evidence-based literature shows that many people have an openness to technology as a way to engage others, change behaviors and obtain clinical services. Skills/competencies for mobile health, smartphone/device and app have similarities and differences from in-person and telepsychiatric care. It is suggested that evidence-based apps be used with an evidence-based approach. Relatively few treatment studies evaluate outcomes for mobile health, directly compare it to in-person and e-behavioral healthcare or compare new technology-based care options to one another. Few studies have assessed the cognitive function related to smartphone/device and app use. At least three facets of cognition that are affected by these technologies: attention, memory and delay of gratification (reward processing). More research is needed with respect tohealth services delivery models, effectiveness, competency outcomes and how a paradigm shift like mobile health re-contextualizes digital healthcare.