PROCEDIMENTOS GEOARQUEOLÓGICOS DA ÁREA DA FONTE TAMBIÁ, PARQUE ARRUDA CÂMARA, JOÃO PESSOA, PB

Abstract

Resumo: O Parque Zoobotânico Arruda Câmara abriga animais e plantas, bem como uma parte da historia de Joao Pessoa. Antiga fazenda de engenho, a area comporta uma fonte de agua situada no fundo do vale. As escavacoes arqueologicas conduzidas pelo NDIHR/UFPB mostraram os vestigios existentes no subsolo da area proxima a fonte. A metodologia utilizada pelo NDIHR incluiu sondagens e aberturas de transectos, perfis de estratigrafia arqueologica e croquis. Como resultado, os dados mostraram que a area da fonte em pedra calcaria foi construida segundo padrao estetico da epoca, com funcao de regular o volume de agua; varios dutos construidos em tijolos prensados canalizavam a agua evitando que houvesse inundacao, esses dutos variavam de alguns centimetros a 2,50m de profundidade. Outros dados importantes obtidos nas escavacoes foram testemunhas de aterros na area que circunscreve a fonte. As sondagens e escavacoes foram executadas ate 0,70m, quando acrescidos de dados historicos, estes revelam que varios imoveis haviam sido demolidos nas proximidades do bairro de Tambia e ali foram sendo depositados. Assim, o revelo foi modificado com processos sucessivos de entulhos, haja vista os vestigios conterem tracos de tempo de meados de 1900 ate 1970. Os dados coletados mostraram intenso processo de transformacao. A pedra calcaria que foi utilizada para a construcao da fonte esta enfraquecendo em contato direto com a agua se torna fragil e tende a sumir. Abstract: The Zoological Park Arruda Câmara shelters animals and plants, as well as part of Joao Pessoa history. Former mill farm, the area comprises a water source located in the bottom of the valley. The archaeological excavations conducted by the NDIHR / UFPB showed the remains in the subsoil of the area near the source. The methodology used by the NDIHR included surveys and openings of transects, profiles of archaeological stratigraphy and sketches. As a result, the data showed that the area of the limestone source was built according to the esthetic standard of the time, with the function of regulating the volume of water; Several ducts built in pressed bricks channeled the water avoiding floods, these ducts varied from a few centimeters to 2,50m of depth. Other important data obtained in the excavations were witnesses of landfills in the area that circumscribes the water source. Surveys and excavations were carried out up to 0.70m, when added with historical data, these reveal that several properties had been demolished near the Tambia neighborhood and were being deposited there. Thus, the revelation was modified with successive processes of debris, since the traces contained traces of time from the middle of 1900 until 1970. The data collected showed an intense process of transformation. The limestone that was used for building the fountain is weakening and in direct contact with the Water becomes brittle and tends to disappear.