Prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety and stress among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in Herat, Afghanistan

Abstract

Objectives

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been associated with a great level of psychological distresses in people around the world. This study aims to assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among COVID-19 patients and identify the associated factors, in Herat Province of Afghanistan.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 459 hospitalized patients between May and September 2021. Data was collected with a structured questionnaire on depression, anxiety and stress scale, which was the validated Dari-version. Chi-square test was adopted to analyze the associations of the prevalence of the mental disorders and the factors.

Results

The mean age of participants was 38.05; 51.9% (238/459) were male and 84.1% (386/459) were married. Median scores for depression, anxiety and stress were 5.0, 8.0, and 10.0, respectively. Gender, general health condition, nutritional status, COVID-19 clinical manifestation and concurrent comorbidities (except diabetes and hypertension) were significantly associated with mental disorders; while association between marital status and these psychological disorders was not significant. Moreover, a significant difference was observed in the level of anxiety between healthcare workers and other respondents.

Conclusion

This is the first study to report the high prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among COVID-19 patients in Herat, which indicates the negative effect of mental health for COVID-19 patients globally and highlights the need for urgent and appropriate interventions to improve mental health of people during the pandemic.