To Sleep or Not to Sleep—Is it a Question?

Abstract

Amidst the many trials Donne experienced during his 1623 illness recounted in his Devotions upon Emergent Occasions are bouts of insomnia introduced in Devotion 15 and implied in Devotions 16–18 with the unceasing tolls of bells in the nearby church commemorating the dying and dead. Donne’s agonized longing for the comfort of sleep as he lay day after day and night after night for fourteen days to the disease’s crisis, then over three months of slow recuperation, hits readers where they live: in all probability, all of us have tossed and turned on long sleepless nights. But is Donne preoccupation with sleep an anomaly among seventeenth-century writers, peculiar to his 1623 illness, and another example of Donne’s excessive focus on his own body, or did other Early Modern writers and theorists demonstrate an obsession with sleep? And more importantly, was insomnia a hindrance to his creativity before, during, and after his illness? A look at Donne’s Devotions in light of Early Modern theories of sleep and “not to sleep” indicates that Donne’s work not only documents his own personal sufferings and anxiety about liminal states but also illustrates Early Modern beliefs about insomnia, its causes, and even its benefits. Insomnia was not a temporary and isolated stage of Donne’s 1623 illness but a burden throughout his life, possibly serving as a source of his creativity and linking him to other sleepless writers of his time and beyond.