PANCREATIC BIOMARKERS: ROLE IN DIABETES MELLITUS

Sana Rafaqat, Ramsha Hafeez, Rida Mairaj, Abeer Saleem, Saira Rafaqat
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Abstract

Diabetes mellitus refers to a group of diseases that cause high blood sugar levels. The most common type is type 2 diabetes, which is caused by insulin resistance and inadequate insulin production. However, diabetes can also result from conditions affecting the exocrine pancreas. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients may experience changes in their pancreatic exocrine function, leading to reduced levels of fecal elastase-1 in many cases. This review paper focuses on the role of specific pancreatic biomarkers in diabetes mellitus, including cholecystokinin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase, amylase, lipase, secretin, elastase-1, and retinol-binding protein 4 about recent advances and discoveries, significant gaps in the literature, current debates, and potential directions for future research related to these biomarkers about diabetes mellitus. This review article discusses various biomarkers related to pancreatic exocrine and endocrine function and their implications in diabetes. It suggests that gut cholecystokinin may play a role in lowering glucose synthesis through a neural network and resistance to it could contribute to hyperglycemia in diabetic patients. It also discusses the use of various markers such as serum trypsin concentration, amylase and lipase levels, pancreatic elastase levels, and fasting secretin levels to assess pancreatic exocrine function. Additionally, the article explores the role of carboxypeptidase E in the endocrine and neurological systems and its association with disorders. Moreover, it also highlights the involvement of retinol-binding protein 4 in the development of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance.
胰腺生物标志物在糖尿病中的作用
糖尿病是一组引起高血糖水平的疾病。最常见的类型是2型糖尿病,这是由胰岛素抵抗和胰岛素分泌不足引起的。然而,影响外分泌胰腺的疾病也可能导致糖尿病。1型和2型糖尿病患者的胰腺外分泌功能都可能发生变化,在许多情况下导致粪便弹性酶-1水平降低。本文综述了胆囊收缩素、胰蛋白酶、凝乳胰蛋白酶、羧肽酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶、分泌素、弹性酶-1、视黄醇结合蛋白4等胰腺特异性生物标志物在糖尿病中的作用,综述了这些生物标志物在糖尿病研究中的最新进展和发现、文献中的重大空白、目前的争论以及未来研究的可能方向。本文综述了与胰腺外分泌和内分泌功能相关的各种生物标志物及其在糖尿病中的意义。这表明,肠道胆囊收缩素可能通过神经网络降低葡萄糖合成,对其的抵抗可能导致糖尿病患者高血糖。它还讨论了使用各种标志物,如血清胰蛋白酶浓度,淀粉酶和脂肪酶水平,胰腺弹性酶水平和空腹分泌素水平来评估胰腺外分泌功能。此外,本文还探讨了羧肽酶E在内分泌和神经系统中的作用及其与疾病的关系。此外,它还强调了视黄醇结合蛋白4在2型糖尿病和胰岛素抵抗发展中的作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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