L’oppidum du Marduel (Saint-Bonnet-du-Gard) du Bronze final IIIb à l’époque romaine : synthèse des recherches sur un habitat occupé dans la longue durée

Abstract

EnglishThis article presents a summary of previous works on the Marduel oppidum, located in the Gard department, and excavated during the 1970s and 1980s. This site was inhabited during the Late Bronze Age, at the beginning of the 6th c. BC, then from the end of the 6th c. BC to the beginning of the 1st c. AD, and again briefly in the 5th c. AD. The upper part of the settlement was set up c. 500 BC with monumental ramparts which were significantly reworked in the first half of the 2nd c. BC. The study of the artefacts shows an increase in trade with the Mediterranean world as early as the beginning of the 6th c. BC, and up to the middle of the following century. The intensity of this trade then sharply decreased at the end of the 5th c. and remained slack up until the 2nd c. BC. The insecurity that appears to have affected the region during the second Iron Age seems to partly explain this evolution. francaisL’article presente une synthese des recherches sur l’oppidum du Marduel, dans le Gard, fouille dans les annees 1970 et 1980. Cet habitat est occupe au Bronze final, au debut du vie s. av. J.-C., de la fin du vie s. av. J.-C. jusqu’au debut du ier s. apr. J.-C., et brievement au ve s. apr. J.-C. La partie haute de l’agglomeration est pourvue vers 500 av. J.-C. d’un rempart monumental qui a ete profondement remanie dans la premiere moitie du iie s. av. J.-C. L’etude du mobilier montre la croissance des echanges entretenus avec le monde mediterraneen des le debut du vie s. av. J.-C. et jusqu’au milieu du siecle suivant ; ces echanges connaissent une forte baisse a la fin du ve s. et restent faibles jusqu’au iie s. av. J.-C. Cette evolution serait en partie explicable par l’insecurite qui semble affecter la region pendant le second âge du Fer.