Expressive Conduct and Article 19(1)(a) of the Indian Constitution: A Purposivist Approach

Q3 Social Sciences
R. Kohli
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Abstract

Abstract Unlike the First Amendment of the United States, the quest to develop a grand theory to explain the scope and purpose of the free speech clause of the Indian Constitution has rarely been attempted. In this void, the significant constitutional question of when expressive conduct should trigger free speech protection has not received adequate academic and judicial scrutiny in India despite its global resonance. This article examines the evolution of the current doctrine by the Indian Supreme Court on the issue of expressive conduct and finds that the Court's ad-hoc approach fails to provide a meaningful resolution framework. Analysing the jurisprudence of the US Supreme Court on its First Amendment, it discusses two potential approaches available to the Indian Supreme Court: one based on the speaker's conduct, and the other, based on state purposes. It argues that focusing on state purposes not only provides a principled answer to this conundrum but is also consistent with Indian free speech jurisprudence. Contrary to contemporary scholarship, it demonstrates that the law on Article 19(1)(a) of the Indian Constitution, as moulded by the Indian Supreme Court over decades, has implicitly treated the examination of state purpose as its predominant inquiry. This article concludes with some ideas on the limitations and prospects of adopting such an approach.
表达行为和印度宪法第19(1)(a)条:一种目的主义方法
与美国宪法第一修正案不同的是,很少有人试图建立一个宏大的理论来解释印度宪法中言论自由条款的范围和目的。在这一空白中,表达性行为何时应触发言论自由保护这一重要的宪法问题在印度没有得到充分的学术和司法审查,尽管它在全球引起了共鸣。本文考察了印度最高法院在表达性行为问题上的现行理论的演变,并发现法院的特设方法未能提供有意义的解决框架。本文分析了美国最高法院关于其第一修正案的判例,讨论了印度最高法院可采用的两种可能的方法:一种基于议长的行为,另一种基于国家目的。它认为,关注国家目的不仅为这个难题提供了一个原则性的答案,而且与印度的言论自由法理学相一致。与当代学术相反,它表明,印度宪法第19(1)(a)条的法律,由印度最高法院几十年来塑造,含蓄地将对国家目的的审查作为其主要调查。本文最后对采用这种方法的局限性和前景提出了一些看法。
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来源期刊
Asian Journal of Comparative Law
Asian Journal of Comparative Law Social Sciences-Law
CiteScore
1.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
24
期刊介绍: The Asian Journal of Comparative Law (AsJCL) is the leading forum for research and discussion of the law and legal systems of Asia. It embraces work that is theoretical, empirical, socio-legal, doctrinal or comparative that relates to one or more Asian legal systems, as well as work that compares one or more Asian legal systems with non-Asian systems. The Journal seeks articles which display an intimate knowledge of Asian legal systems, and thus provide a window into the way they work in practice. The AsJCL is an initiative of the Asian Law Institute (ASLI), an association established by thirteen leading law schools in Asia and with a rapidly expanding membership base across Asia and in other regions around the world.
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