Assessment of dietary energy and protein intake in chronic kidney disease patients: A single centre study.

Abstract

Objectives: Nutrition is often neglected as an important management strategy in Chronic Kidney Disease patients and malnutrition is an important determinant of morbidity and mortality. We investigated the energy and protein intake of Nigerian CKD patients and determined the association of energy intake with malnutrition.Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of dietary intake was conducted using 24hour dietary recall and three-day diary records. For malnutrition, anthropometric and biochemistry tests were performed.Results: Mean energy intake was 32.08±4.44 kcalkg-1 d-1 and 38.63±4.01 kcalkg-1 d-1 in CKD patients vs controls respectively (P<.001). The mean protein intake was lower in patients with CKD patients (0.6±0.12 g kg-1 d-1) vs the controls (0.77±0.08 g kg-1 d-1) (P <.001). The energy intake was inadequate in 69% of CKD patients. Inadequate protein intake was observed in 60% of pre-dialysis patients and in 100% of the Haemodialysis patients. Patients with inadequate energy intake were 1.7 times more likely to be malnourished compared to those on an adequate intake (95% CI:1.156- 2.594).Conclusion: We identified low energy and protein intake in our CKD population. Attention should be paid to the nutrition of CKD patients.