VAP causative agents during COVID-19 pandemic Era: Narrative Review

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-Coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2) is very susceptible to transmission, and caused Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19), by spreading throughout the globe in early 2020 after starting in Wuhan, China in late 2019. Intensive care unit (ICU) COVID-19 patients experienced elevated fatality rates as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is also anticipated that, the bacterial co-infection will cause a wave of subsequent bacterial illnesses. A significant infection causes morbidity in critically ill patients with COVID-19, is known as ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). A public health emergency has been proclaimed for COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO). As per WHO, more than 113 million COVID-19 cases have been confirmed, and there have been about 2.5 million fatalities. Early research has shown that nosocomial pneumonia, particularly VAP, is significantly more common in people with severe SARS-CoV-2 infections. ICU patients frequently experience Acinetobacter baumannii (AbB) infections, while Aspergillus species are the fungi most frequently responsible for VAP. The review emphasizes the most prevalent microorganisms that caused infections to arise among hospitalized patients throughout the COVID-19 era. The literature identified AbB, Klebsiella pneumonia (KP), Aspergillus, Enterobacter cloacae (EC), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (SmM), Staphylococcus aureus (SA), Streptococcus pneumonia (SP), Haemophilus influenza (HI), Enterococcus faecalis (EF), Escherichia coli (EC), Candida albicans (CA), PA (PA), Serratia marcescens(SM), Burkholderia gladioli (BG), Mucor spp. (MS), Rhizopus spp. (RS), Cryptococcus Neoformans (CN), Paracoccus yeei (PY). This review may help the health sectors to identify and focus on VAP causative organisms during COVID-19 pandemic period, for the early initiation of prompt therapeutic management.