Stream sediment geochemistry in mineral exploration: a review of fine-fraction, clay-fraction, bulk leach gold, heavy mineral concentrate and indicator mineral chemistry

IF 1 4区地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS

Geochemistry-Exploration Environment Analysis Pub Date : 2023-06-19 DOI:10.1144/geochem2022-039

Mary E. Doherty, Kiel Arndt, Z. Chang, K. Kelley, O. Lavin

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Abstract

Stream sediment surveys support early-stage reconnaissance mineral exploration and regional assessment programs, enhanced by recent improvements in analytical method detection limits, continuously improving mineral chemistry, and new approaches to the interpretation of geochemical data. Sediment surveys may be used to predict catchment basin lithology, mineralization type based on pathfinder geochemistry, and geological features based on indicator mineral chemistry. Sediment surveys that target a finer fraction sediment sample led to discovery of the La Colosa gold deposit, Colombia. The Batu Hijau porphyry Cu-Au deposit in Indonesia was discovered based on an anomalous clay-sized fraction sample 12 km downstream. In an arid region with poorly developed drainages and minor topographic relief, the Ag-base-metal Navidad District in Argentina was discovered with clay-fraction sediment geochemistry. Heavy mineral concentrate sediment surveys (HMC) that include mineral chemistry determinations have led to global diamond discoveries. HMC surveys contributed to discovery of the Ring of Fire Ni-Cu-PGE and chromite district, Ontario Canada. Discoveries and geochemical mapping can assist advancement of the application of stream sediment geochemistry in those global areas for which lithologies and deposits are exposed. Stream sediment surveys continue to be one of the most cost-effective geochemical methods for covering large areas for mineral exploration. Thematic collection: This article is part of the Reviews in Exploration Geochemistry collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/reviews-in-exploration-geochemistry

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矿产勘查中的水系沉积物地球化学：细粒、粘土、块浸金、重矿精矿和指示矿物化学综述

水系沉积物测量支持早期侦察矿物勘探和区域评估计划，最近在分析方法检测极限方面的改进，不断改进的矿物化学，以及解释地球化学数据的新方法，增强了这些计划。沉积物测量可用于预测流域岩性，根据探路者地球化学预测成矿类型，根据指示矿物化学预测地质特征。针对更细颗粒沉积物样本的沉积物调查导致了哥伦比亚La Colosa金矿的发现。印尼的Batu Hijau斑岩型铜金矿是在下游12公里处发现的一个异常粘土级样品。阿根廷纳维达地区是一个排水不发达、地形起伏较小的干旱地区，在该地区发现了含银贱金属的粘土组分沉积物地球化学特征。包括矿物化学测定在内的重矿物浓缩沉积物调查(HMC)导致了全球钻石的发现。HMC调查有助于在加拿大安大略省发现环火带镍铜pge和铬铁矿区。发现和地球化学填图有助于在全球已发现岩性和矿床的地区推进水系沉积物地球化学的应用。水系沉积物测量仍然是覆盖大面积矿产勘探的最具成本效益的地球化学方法之一。专题合集:本文是《勘探地球化学评论》合集的一部分，可在https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/reviews-in-exploration-geochemistry上找到

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来源期刊

Geochemistry-Exploration Environment Analysis 地学-地球化学与地球物理

CiteScore

3.60

自引率

16.70%

发文量

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis (GEEA) is a co-owned journal of the Geological Society of London and the Association of Applied Geochemists (AAG). GEEA focuses on mineral exploration using geochemistry; related fields also covered include geoanalysis, the development of methods and techniques used to analyse geochemical materials such as rocks, soils, sediments, waters and vegetation, and environmental issues associated with mining and source apportionment. GEEA is well-known for its thematic sets on hot topics and regularly publishes papers from the biennial International Applied Geochemistry Symposium (IAGS). Papers that seek to integrate geological, geochemical and geophysical methods of exploration are particularly welcome, as are those that concern geochemical mapping and those that comprise case histories. Given the many links between exploration and environmental geochemistry, the journal encourages the exchange of concepts and data; in particular, to differentiate various sources of elements. GEEA publishes research articles; discussion papers; book reviews; editorial content and thematic sets.