Assessment of individuals with disabilities in Latin America: a comparative study of the legislation

International archives of medicine Pub Date : 2020-11-22 DOI:10.3823/2630

Rosylane Rocha, F. Cortés, Rui Nunes

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Abstract

Objective: The aim of the present study was to analyze the legislation relating to individuals with disabilities in Latin America, focusing on the definition of individuals with disabilities and how they are certified as such. Method: In this investigation,the legal provisions in force in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Dominican Republic, Uruguay and Venezuela were retrieved via the internet. It was then sought to identify the following: the specificity of guarantees of human rights and fundamental freedoms for individuals with disabilities, in line with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities; the definition of disability and individuals with disability; what criteria are applied, i.e. whether a specific table, the International Classification of Functioning (ICF) or the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is used;and whether the disability is assessed in a biomedical or biopsychosocial manner, i.e.whether this is done solely by a doctor or is a multiprofessional assessment, and whether, if done by a doctor, there is any support through psychological or social worker evaluation when necessary. Results: With the exception of Cuba, for which no specific legislation was found, the legislation dealing with individuals with disabilities in the other Latin American countries investigated in this study has been constructed in line with the main provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. In Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Panama, Dominican Republic, Uruguay and Venezuela, disabilities are assessed and certified through tables or the ICD or ICF. Biopsychosocial assessments Assessment of Individuals with Disabilities in Latin America: a Comparative Study of the Legislation

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对拉丁美洲残疾人的评估：立法的比较研究

目的：本研究的目的是分析拉丁美洲与残疾人有关的立法，重点是残疾人的定义以及他们如何被认证为残疾人。方法：通过互联网检索阿根廷、玻利维亚、巴西、智利、哥伦比亚、哥斯达黎加、古巴、厄瓜多尔、萨尔瓦多、危地马拉、海地、洪都拉斯、墨西哥、尼加拉瓜、巴拿马、巴拉圭、秘鲁、多米尼加共和国、乌拉圭和委内瑞拉的现行法律规定。然后试图确定以下方面：根据《联合国残疾人权利公约》，保障残疾人人权和基本自由的具体情况；残疾和残疾人的定义；适用什么标准，即是否使用特定表格、国际功能分类（ICF）或国际疾病分类（ICD）；以及是否以生物医学或生物心理社会的方式对残疾进行评估，即这是由医生单独进行还是多专业评估，以及如果由医生进行，是否在必要时通过心理或社会工作者评估提供任何支持。结果：除古巴没有具体立法外，本研究所调查的其他拉丁美洲国家关于残疾人的立法是根据《联合国残疾人权利公约》的主要规定制定的。在玻利维亚、智利、哥伦比亚、厄瓜多尔、萨尔瓦多、危地马拉、洪都拉斯、巴拿马、多米尼加共和国、乌拉圭和委内瑞拉，通过表格或ICD或ICF对残疾进行评估和认证。拉丁美洲残疾人生物心理社会评估立法比较研究

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International archives of medicine

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