Did Competing with China Affect Chilean Manufacturing Jobs? Evaluating Gender Differences in Employment During 1995–2006

IF 3.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Feminist Economics Pub Date : 2023-05-07 DOI:10.1080/13545701.2023.2179650

M. Reyes

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Abstract

This article analyzes whether competition with China displaced domestic manufacturing jobs in Chile using a panel of 4-digit ISIC manufacturing industries during 1995–2006. The study estimates empirical models for six job aggregates that are matched to occupational types that are either replaceable by technological change (routine) or not (non-routine). Results show that due to tougher competition with Chinese imports, jobs held by men in non-routine and routine manufacturing occupations contracted, whereas jobs held by women in routine manufacturing occupations increased. Only one type of non-routine occupation, managerial jobs, held by women contracted due to the competition with China. HIGHLIGHTS Import competition with China during 1995–2006 reduced men’s manufacturing jobs in Chile, but had mixed results for women. Men’s jobs declined in management, administrative, clerical, and custodial occupations. Women’s jobs decreased in managerial positions, but increased in low-skilled positions. Low-skilled women workers may be substituting men’s jobs like machines. A rise in women’s routine jobs does not suggest improvement in employment conditions or wages, nor in attachment to the labor force.

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与中国竞争是否影响智利制造业就业?评估1995-2006年就业中的性别差异

本文分析了1995-2006年期间，与中国的竞争是否取代了智利国内制造业的工作岗位。该研究估计了六种工作总量的经验模型，这些工作总量与技术变革（常规）或不可替代（非常规）的职业类型相匹配。结果显示，由于与中国进口产品的竞争更加激烈，男性在非常规和常规制造业中的工作岗位减少，而女性在常规制造业的工作岗位增加。只有一种非常规职业，即管理工作，由女性担任，是由于与中国的竞争而签订的。亮点1995-2006年期间，智利与中国的进口竞争减少了男性在制造业的工作，但对女性的影响喜忧参半。男性在管理、行政、文书和保管行业的工作有所减少。妇女在管理职位上的工作减少了，但在低技能职位上增加了。低技能女工可能会像机器一样取代男性的工作。女性日常工作的增加并不意味着就业条件或工资的改善，也不意味着对劳动力的依恋。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Feminist Economics Multiple-

CiteScore

7.50

自引率

4.30%

发文量

期刊介绍： Feminist Economics is a peer-reviewed journal that provides an open forum for dialogue and debate about feminist economic perspectives. By opening new areas of economic inquiry, welcoming diverse voices, and encouraging critical exchanges, the journal enlarges and enriches economic discourse. The goal of Feminist Economics is not just to develop more illuminating theories but to improve the conditions of living for all children, women, and men. Feminist Economics: -Advances feminist inquiry into economic issues affecting the lives of children, women, and men -Examines the relationship between gender and power in the economy and the construction and legitimization of economic knowledge -Extends feminist theoretical, historical, and methodological contributions to economics and the economy -Offers feminist insights into the underlying constructs of the economics discipline and into the historical, political, and cultural context of economic knowledge -Provides a feminist rethinking of theory and policy in diverse fields, including those not directly related to gender -Stimulates discussions among diverse scholars worldwide and from a broad spectrum of intellectual traditions, welcoming cross-disciplinary and cross-country perspectives, especially from countries in the South