How Much Do They Make? A Systematic Review of Income Generated From Begging

IF 1.4 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

International Criminal Justice Review Pub Date : 2021-08-10 DOI:10.1177/10575677211036498

Daniel Reinhard

{"title":"How Much Do They Make? A Systematic Review of Income Generated From Begging","authors":"Daniel Reinhard","doi":"10.1177/10575677211036498","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Panhandling income has not been well reviewed, though doing so would be beneficial for several reasons. Understanding beggar income may aid in addressing misconceptions about the activity, clarify the financial motivation for organized or forced begging, and allow for clearer comparisons to other kinds of shadow work like prostitution, binning, or selling drugs. This study presents a systematic review of panhandling income by using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis and PROSPERO guidelines to aid in identifying, screening, assessing, and including research that provides quantitative income information about panhandling. Income is adjusted for inflation, and international studies are converted to USD via standard exchange rate and via purchasing power parity values. Ultimately, 38 studies are included for final analysis. The 38 studies are divided into United States specific (n = 15) and all other countries (n = 23). In adjusted 2020 USD, the economic yield from panhandling is most often $2–$16 per hour, $20–$60 per day, and $200–$500 per month, substantial variation exists. Economic comparisons to other forms of shadow work and future research directions are provided.","PeriodicalId":51797,"journal":{"name":"International Criminal Justice Review","volume":"33 1","pages":"66 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4000,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Criminal Justice Review","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10575677211036498","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Abstract

Panhandling income has not been well reviewed, though doing so would be beneficial for several reasons. Understanding beggar income may aid in addressing misconceptions about the activity, clarify the financial motivation for organized or forced begging, and allow for clearer comparisons to other kinds of shadow work like prostitution, binning, or selling drugs. This study presents a systematic review of panhandling income by using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis and PROSPERO guidelines to aid in identifying, screening, assessing, and including research that provides quantitative income information about panhandling. Income is adjusted for inflation, and international studies are converted to USD via standard exchange rate and via purchasing power parity values. Ultimately, 38 studies are included for final analysis. The 38 studies are divided into United States specific (n = 15) and all other countries (n = 23). In adjusted 2020 USD, the economic yield from panhandling is most often $2–$16 per hour, $20–$60 per day, and $200–$500 per month, substantial variation exists. Economic comparisons to other forms of shadow work and future research directions are provided.

查看原文本刊更多论文

他们赚多少钱？乞讨收入的系统考察

Panhandling收入没有得到很好的审查，尽管这样做会有好处，原因有几个。了解乞讨者的收入可能有助于解决人们对乞讨活动的误解，澄清有组织或强迫乞讨的经济动机，并使其与卖淫、装箱或贩卖毒品等其他类型的影子工作进行更清晰的比较。本研究通过使用系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目和PROSPERO指南，对乞讨收入进行了系统评价，以帮助识别、筛选、评估并包括提供有关乞讨的定量收入信息的研究。收入根据通货膨胀进行调整，国际研究通过标准汇率和购买力平价转换为美元。最终，38项研究被纳入最终分析。这38项研究分为美国（n=15）和所有其他国家（n=23）。在调整后的2020年美元中，乞讨带来的经济收益率最高 $每小时2至16美元，每天20至60美元，每月200至500美元，差异很大。提供了与其他形式的影子工作的经济比较以及未来的研究方向。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

International Criminal Justice Review CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY-

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

6.20%

发文量

期刊介绍： International Criminal Justice Review is a scholarly journal dedicated to presenting system wide trends and problems on crime and justice throughout the world. Articles may focus on a single country or compare issues affecting two or more countries. Both qualitative and quantitative pieces are encouraged, providing they adhere to standards of quality scholarship. Manuscripts may emphasize either contemporary or historical topics. As a peer-reviewed journal, we encourage the submission of articles, research notes, and commentaries that focus on crime and broadly defined justice-related topics in an international and/or comparative context.