Maternal–Fetal Attachment and Domestic Violence Against Iranian and Afghan Pregnant Women: A Cross-Cultural Study

IF 1.5 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Violence and Gender Pub Date : 2020-11-19 DOI:10.21203/rs.3.rs-107804/v1

M. Dehghan, Jamileh Farokhzadian, Hakimeh Ferdosi, F. Abazari, Parya Jangipour Afshar, H. Sheikhbardsiri

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Domestic violence against pregnant women is becoming more frequent and intense. Studies have shown that women who were under more physical and psychological violence experienced a lot of stress and depression and had less ability to communicate with their fetuses. International statistics show a high prevalence of violence against Afghan women and the communities migrated to Afghanistan. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the maternal-fetal attachment and domestic violence between Iranian and Afghan pregnant women.Methods: This study has a descriptive-comparative cross-sectional design. The study population consisted of Iranian and Afghan pregnant women referred to Kerman Health Centers in 2018-2019. One hundred-forty-six Iranian pregnant women and 142 Afghan pregnant women were enrolled in the study by the quota sampling. Data collection tools were demographic and clinical information questionnaire, questionnaires of domestic violence against women, and maternal-fetal attachment scale. Results: The mean score of maternal-fetal attachment in Iranian and Afghan pregnant women was higher than the average. Also, scores of maternal-fetal attachment and its dimensions in Afghan pregnant women were significantly higher than that of Iranian pregnant women (P < 0.001). The mean score of domestic violence was low in Iranian and Afghan pregnant women. There was no significant difference between Iranian and Afghan pregnant women in the total score of domestic violence (P > 0.05). There was a significant inverse correlation between maternal-fetal attachment and domestic violence in Iranian pregnant women (P < 0.05). In Afghan pregnant women, there was a positive and significant correlation between maternal-fetal attachment and sexual violence in while there was a significant and reverse relationship between other dimensions of attachment and violence (P < 0.05).Conclusion: This study showed that the rate of violence in the studied populations was low, and maternal-fetal attachment rate is appropriate. The relationship between violence and mother-fetal attachment had a different pattern in Iranian and Afghan women. Therefore, further studies are needed to investigate the factors affecting maternal-fetal attachment, especially in Afghan women.

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伊朗和阿富汗孕妇的母胎依恋与家庭暴力:一项跨文化研究

背景:针对孕妇的家庭暴力日益频繁和激烈。研究表明，遭受更多身体和心理暴力的妇女经历了很多压力和抑郁，与胎儿沟通的能力也较差。国际统计数据显示，对阿富汗妇女和移民到阿富汗的社区的暴力行为非常普遍。因此，本研究旨在比较伊朗和阿富汗孕妇的母胎依恋和家庭暴力。方法:本研究采用描述性比较横断面设计。研究人群包括2018-2019年在克尔曼健康中心就诊的伊朗和阿富汗孕妇。146名伊朗孕妇和142名阿富汗孕妇通过配额抽样参与了这项研究。数据收集工具为人口统计与临床信息问卷、家庭暴力侵害妇女问卷、母胎依恋量表。结果:伊朗和阿富汗孕妇的母胎依恋得分均高于平均值。阿富汗孕妇的母胎依恋得分及其维度显著高于伊朗孕妇(P < 0.001)。伊朗和阿富汗孕妇的家庭暴力平均得分较低。伊朗和阿富汗孕妇家庭暴力总分差异无统计学意义(P < 0.05)。伊朗孕妇的母胎依恋与家庭暴力呈显著负相关(P < 0.05)。在阿富汗孕妇中，母胎依恋与性暴力呈显著正相关，其他维度依恋与性暴力呈显著负相关(P < 0.05)。结论:本研究表明，研究人群的暴力发生率较低，母胎附着率适宜。暴力与母胎依恋之间的关系在伊朗和阿富汗妇女中有不同的模式。因此，需要进一步研究影响母胎依恋的因素，特别是在阿富汗妇女中。

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来源期刊

Violence and Gender CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY-

CiteScore

2.90

自引率

6.70%

发文量

期刊介绍： Violence and Gender is the only peer-reviewed journal focusing on the role of gender in the understanding, prediction, and prevention of acts of violence. The Journal is the international forum for the critical examination of biological, genetic, behavioral, psychological, racial, ethnic, and cultural factors as they relate to the gender of perpetrators of violence. Through peer-reviewed research, roundtable discussions, case studies, and other original content, Violence and Gender explores the difficult issues that are vital to threat assessment and prevention of the epidemic of violence. Violence and Gender coverage includes: Alcohol and chemical use/abuse Anthropology, social, and cultural influences Biology and physiology Brain health Brain trauma & injury Early childhood development Environmental influences Gender Genetics Group violence: gang, peer, political, government, and religious Mental health: illnesses, disorders, diseases, and conditions Neuropsychology Neuroscience Paraphilic behavior Parenting and familial influences Peer influences Personality and temperament Predatory behavior & aggression Psychopathy Psychopharmacology School, college/university, and workplace influences Sexuality Spirituality Suicidology Threat assessment warning behaviors Video games, films, television, the Internet, and media Violent fantasies Weapons.