In vitro to in vivo translation

Abstract

The science of in vitro studies has advanced dramatically over the last 100 years, particularly in regards to their application in toxicology. Recent developments such as in vitro three-dimensional cultures and microphysiological systems have offered the promise of even greater replication of in vivo function. Nonetheless, the challenge of validating a system's performance and extrapolating it's responses to those of an animal or human remains