Atmospheric Observations of Weather and Climate

IF 1.6 4区地球科学 Q4 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

Atmosphere-Ocean Pub Date : 2022-06-20 DOI:10.1080/07055900.2022.2082369

H. Bluestein, F. Carr, S. Goodman

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引用次数: 5

Abstract

ABSTRACT Current observation systems that provide data for the analysis and prediction of climate and day-to-day weather are described, along with plans for future systems. The basic principles of satellite, radar, lidar, and sodar measurements are summarized. Temperature and moisture measurements on planetary and synoptic scales, ranging from satellites, the radiosonde network, aircraft, and other sounding systems are described. Wind measurements from satellites, rawinsondes, air composition from satellites, the energy budget, and surface measurements are also discussed. The measuring systems for mesoscale and convective-scale weather are then noted, including satellite-borne radiation instrumentation, and lightning imaging sensors. Operational, fixed-site, and mobile and airborne research radars, surface instrumentation, and ground-based and in-situ profiling systems, aircraft-borne and shipborne instrumentation are also summarized. Special observation issues such as coordination among providers, data assimilation considerations, and data curation are then considered. Special issues for the future are noted in the last section.

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天气和气候的大气观测

摘要描述了为气候和日常天气分析和预测提供数据的当前观测系统，以及未来系统的计划。概述了卫星、雷达、激光雷达和声纳测量的基本原理。描述了行星和天气尺度上的温度和湿度测量，包括卫星、无线电探空仪网络、飞机和其他探测系统。还讨论了卫星的风测量、探空仪、卫星的空气成分、能源预算和表面测量。然后介绍了中尺度和对流尺度天气的测量系统，包括卫星辐射仪器和闪电成像传感器。还概述了作战、固定地点、移动和机载研究雷达、地面仪器、地基和原位剖面系统、机载和舰载仪器。然后考虑特殊的观测问题，如提供者之间的协调、数据同化考虑和数据管理。未来的特殊问题在最后一节中有所说明。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Atmosphere-Ocean 地学-海洋学

CiteScore

2.50

自引率

16.70%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Atmosphere-Ocean is the principal scientific journal of the Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society (CMOS). It contains results of original research, survey articles, notes and comments on published papers in all fields of the atmospheric, oceanographic and hydrological sciences. Arctic, coastal and mid- to high-latitude regions are areas of particular interest. Applied or fundamental research contributions in English or French on the following topics are welcomed: climate and climatology; observation technology, remote sensing; forecasting, modelling, numerical methods; physics, dynamics, chemistry, biogeochemistry; boundary layers, pollution, aerosols; circulation, cloud physics, hydrology, air-sea interactions; waves, ice, energy exchange and related environmental topics.