Ammonia-oxidizing archaea and ammonium concentration as drivers of nitrification in a protected freshwater lake

IF 1.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY
Freshwater Science Pub Date : 2022-08-29 DOI:10.1086/721921
E. Heiss, Victoria W. Zawacki, Audrey A. Williams, M. Reed, T. Maguire, Silvia E. Newell
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Nitrification rates and ammonia-oxidizer functional gene abundance were measured in the water column of Lake Lacawac, Pennsylvania, USA, a freshwater lake on a nature sanctuary that allowed an investigation with minimal human impacts. Nitrification is a 2-step process consisting of ammonia oxidation followed by nitrite oxidation. Recent studies have shown that these 2 nitrification steps may be uncoupled and respond in different ways to environmental conditions. Additionally, the relative contribution of ammonia-oxidizing archea (AOA) vs ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) to nitrification rates varies widely across aquatic systems. To determine how nitrification rates are related to environmental parameters and the ammonia-oxidizing community in a nearly pristine environment, rates and gene abundance were measured over multiple seasons where in-situ environmental conditions varied. Rates of ammonia and nitrite oxidation were measured separately and summed to calculate total nitrification rates ranging from 1 to 568 nM/d. Ammonia oxidation rates generally outpaced nitrite oxidation rates, and rates of both ammonia and nitrite oxidation were higher at depth (10 m) compared with near-surface and mid water column. Ammonia oxidation, nitrite oxidation, and total nitrification rates were all strongly, positively correlated with in-situ [NH4+] (Kendall’s τ > 0.35, p < 0.02). AOB ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) gene copy numbers were generally greater than AOA amoA. However, AOB gene copy numbers were not correlated with any ammonia oxidation or total nitrification rates, whereas AOA abundance was positively correlated with both ammonia oxidation and total nitrification rates (Kendall’s τ > 0.41, p < 0.01). A Bayesian generalized additive model, which accounted for sampling month, indicated that total nitrification rates were best explained by AOA and [NH4+]. Thus, substrate concentration and AOA likely play key roles in regulating rates of nitrification in this small, nearly pristine freshwater lake. These reported relationships between rates of ammonia and nitrite oxidation (and, thus, total nitrification), in-situ environmental parameters, and the ammonia-oxidizer community in a protected environment establish a reference for evaluating the impact of a changing environment on mesotrophic lake water quality.
保护淡水湖氨氧化古菌和氨浓度对硝化作用的驱动作用
在美国宾夕法尼亚州拉卡瓦克湖的水柱中测量了硝化率和氨氧化剂功能基因丰度。拉卡瓦克湖是一个位于自然保护区的淡水湖,可以在对人类影响最小的情况下进行调查。硝化是一个由氨氧化和亚硝酸盐氧化组成的两步过程。最近的研究表明,这两个硝化步骤可能是解耦的,并以不同的方式对环境条件做出反应。此外,氨氧化原菌(AOA)与氨氧化细菌(AOB)对硝化速率的相对贡献在不同的水生系统中差异很大。为了确定硝化速率如何与环境参数和几乎原始环境中的氨氧化群落相关,在原位环境条件变化的多个季节测量了硝化速率和基因丰度。分别测量氨和亚硝酸盐氧化的速率,并将其相加以计算1至568 nM/d的总硝化速率。氨氧化速率通常超过亚硝酸盐氧化速率,与近地表和中水柱相比,深度(10m)处的氨和亚硝酸盐氧化速率都更高。氨氧化、亚硝酸盐氧化和总硝化速率均与原位[NH4+]呈正相关(Kendallτ>0.35,p<0.02)。AOB氨单加氧酶(amoA)基因拷贝数通常大于AOA-amoA。然而,AOB基因拷贝数与任何氨氧化或总硝化速率均不相关,而AOA丰度与氨氧化和总硝化速率呈正相关(Kendallτ>0.41,p<0.01),表明AOA和[NH4+]对总硝化速率的解释最好。因此,在这个几乎原始的小淡水湖中,底物浓度和AOA可能在调节硝化速率方面发挥关键作用。这些报道的氨和亚硝酸盐氧化速率(以及总硝化作用)、原位环境参数和受保护环境中氨氧化剂群落之间的关系为评估环境变化对中营养湖泊水质的影响提供了参考。
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来源期刊
Freshwater Science
Freshwater Science ECOLOGY-MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
49
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Freshwater Science (FWS) publishes articles that advance understanding and environmental stewardship of all types of inland aquatic ecosystems (lakes, rivers, streams, reservoirs, subterranean, and estuaries) and ecosystems at the interface between aquatic and terrestrial habitats (wetlands, riparian areas, and floodplains). The journal regularly features papers on a wide range of topics, including physical, chemical, and biological properties of lentic and lotic habitats; ecosystem processes; structure and dynamics of populations, communities, and ecosystems; ecology, systematics, and genetics of freshwater organisms, from bacteria to vertebrates; linkages between freshwater and other ecosystems and between freshwater ecology and other aquatic sciences; bioassessment, conservation, and restoration; environmental management; and new or novel methods for basic or applied research.
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